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Cooling stainless steel

Two types of reactors were used One was a CSTR type consisting of an Y2O3 (8mol%)-stabilized Z1O2 (YSZ) tube (length 15 cm, diameter 2 cm) closed flat at one end with an appropriately machined water-cooled stainless steel reactor cap attached to the other end, thus allowing for continuous gas feed and... [Pg.388]

A water-cooled stainless-steel probe (4.1-millimeter internal diameter) with four inlet holes (0.50-millimeter diameter) was used to continuously sample combustion products 2 cm above the burner. The samples were drawn through an ice-bath-cooled water trap, a drying column, and a 5-micron filter to reduce the water mole-fraction and to remove particles. Temperature and static pressure in the absorption cell were monitored using a type-S thermocouple and a pressure gauge. The flow entered the cell on the same end as the optical beam and exited on the opposite end through 0.5-inch windows before... [Pg.394]

Exhaust gas temperature measurements are made with a fine-wire R-type thermocouple connected to an Omega model 660 digital readout. Gas samples are extracted using a 6.4-millimeter (0.25-inch) O.D. water-cooled stainless-steel suction probe and then filtered, dried, and analyzed for CO, CO2, O2, UHC, and NOj . Instrumentation includes a Beckman model 864 NDIR CO2 analyzer, Beckman model 867 NDIR CO analyzer, Siemens OXYMAT 5E paramagnetic O2 analyzer, Siemens FIDAMAT 5E-E FID total hydrocarbon analyzer, and a Beckman model 955 Chemiluminescent NO/NOj, analyzer. Certified span gases are used for instrument calibration. PC-based data acquisition is available during experimentation. All of the emissions data reported here were obtained approximately 24 pipe diameters downstream of the fuel injector and represent average exhaust concentrations. [Pg.456]

An exothermal reaction is to be performed in the semi-batch mode at 80 °C in a 16 m3 water cooled stainless steel reactor with heat transfer coefficient U = 300 Wm"2 K . The reaction is known to be a bimolecular reaction of second order and follows the scheme A + B —> P. The industrial process intends to initially charge 15 000 kg of A into the reactor, which is heated to 80 °C. Then 3000 kg of B are fed at constant rate during 2 hours. This represents a stoichiometric excess of 10%.The reaction was performed under these conditions in a reaction calorimeter. The maximum heat release rate of 30Wkg 1 was reached after 45 minutes, then the measured power depleted to reach asymptotically zero after 8 hours. The reaction is exothermal with an energy of 250 kj kg-1 of final reaction mass. The specific heat capacity is 1.7kJ kg 1 K 1. After 1.8 hours the conversion is 62% and 65% at end of the feed time. The thermal stability of the final reaction mass imposes a maximum allowed temperature of 125 °C The boiling point of the reaction mass (MTT) is 180 °C, its freezing point is 50 °C. [Pg.176]

The fullerenes, Cgo and C70, are produced in the laboratory by the contact arc-evaporation of 6 mm graphite rods (e.g. Johnson Matthey, spectroscopic grade) in 100 torr of helium in a water-cooled stainless steel chamber described previously [5]. The soluble material in the soot produced from the arc-evaporation is extracted with toluene using a Soxhlet apparatus. The pure fullerenes are obtained by chromatography on neutral alumina columns using hexanes as the eluant, or by the use of a simple filtration technique using charcoal-silica as the stationary phase and toluene as the eluant [5]. The fullerenes so prepared are characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy and other techniques. FT-IR spectra of vacuum deposited fullerene films on KBr crystals also provide a means of characterization, just as do Raman spectra of films deposited on a silicon crystal. Ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectra of fullerene films on... [Pg.95]

The finished cream paste can either be rolled into sheets or extruded. If the paste is to be layered the bottom layer is extruded onto a cooled, stainless steel band and the other colours of paste are then added one by one. The finished product is cooled and cut as required. The importance of the cooling is that the paste stiffens up as it cools, not only because the sugar syrups become more viscous, but also because the gelatine tends to gel. [Pg.147]

The steam produced is removed from the molten ammonium nitrate (m.p. 170°C) via the vortex finder of a cyclone separator, and the 99+% molten salt proceeds to either a cooled stainless steel belt to produce a flaked product (Fig. 11.10), or to a 30-m-high prilling tower where droplets of melt fall through a countercurrent dry air stream to produce shot-sized prills (beads) of ammonium nitrate. A hot concentrated solution of ammonium nitrate is explosively sensitized by traces of acid so care is taken to add sufficient ammonia to the wet melt to keep the pH above about 5. [Pg.352]

Fontes, Costa, and Azevedo [79] used 300 pm diameter Type R thermocouple in an alumina sheath with an external diameter of 4 mm and placed inside a 3 m or 5 m long water-cooled stainless steel probe to measure gas temperatures in a black liquor recovery boiler. Calculations showed the "true" temperature in the regions of highest temperature did not exceed measurements by more than 8%. Measurements were made at multiple elevations, multiple locations at each elevation, and at multiple insertion depths into the boiler. A traversing mechanism was used to insert the probe, which was checked frequently for deposition of black liquor particles and sulfate deposits. The temperatures ranged from approximately 700°C to 1000°C. [Pg.107]

A permanent CEMS and a portable handheld unit Enerac 2000 were used in these experiments. The CEMS is a permanently installed sampling system for monitoring the exhaust gas composition at the exit of the furnace. It consists of a water-cooled stainless steel probe, heat-traced transport lines, water removal system, and gas analyzers. NO is measured with a chemiluminescent and... [Pg.171]

Si powders (15-35 pm) (15 g/h) injected in an NHj—HF plasma NH, 10.5 HF Plasma 8.2 MHz 10 Powder are collected on a water cooled stainless steel cylinder downstream from the jet. Very fine powders are collected. 85 % SijN (amorphous) The authors have also synthesized AIN and SiAlON with a very good yield. 285) (1976)... [Pg.157]

The experiments were carried out by varying the O2 dispersion gas flow rate from 2 to 5 L min. The powders were collected on Whatman GF 6 glass fiber filter paper mounted in a water cooled stainless steel collection chimney equipped with a vacuum pump (Busch). The LU2O3 samples were synthesized from a solution of Lu(N03)3 6H20 containing 100 g of the nitrate crystal dissolved in 500 ml D1 water. The nitrate solution was then purified by crystallization and subsequent washes, followed by filtration through 0.8 pm filter media. Batches of 20 g of Lu... [Pg.172]

Measurements were carried out in a single chamber cell of approximately 30 cm volume, which consisted of a quartz tube closed at one end. The open end of the tube was mounted on a water-cooled stainless steel cap which had provision for inlet and outlet of gases. For electrochemical characterization of the Lao8Sro.2Nio.4Feo,603.5/La9 83Si5Alo.75Feo.25026 5... [Pg.93]


See other pages where Cooling stainless steel is mentioned: [Pg.327]    [Pg.343]    [Pg.188]    [Pg.71]    [Pg.397]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.142]    [Pg.144]    [Pg.389]    [Pg.424]    [Pg.114]    [Pg.326]    [Pg.607]    [Pg.621]    [Pg.378]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.336]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.326]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.673]    [Pg.673]    [Pg.674]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.267]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.26]    [Pg.185]    [Pg.337]    [Pg.173]    [Pg.45]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.27 ]




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