Cooling calendering

The coarse 210-400 micron powder is applied to the interface fabric by scattering uniformly, then fused onto the fabric with infrared heaters then the fabric is cooled, calendered, and rolled. See Fig. 4. 

Heating the product to such an extent that it can be formed by such processes as calendering, etc. and cooling the formed product before removal from the shaping zone. 

Calendering and extruding Fume Local exhaust ventilation Water cooling of extrudate... 

Change in dimensions of an unvulcanised rubber (calendered sheet or extruded section) on cooling from the processing temperature. Also the volume contraction of a moulded rubber product on cooling from vulcanising temperature. See Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (Volumej. Shrinking... 

Calender A precision machine equipped rolls with three or more heavy, internally heated or cooled (or both), revolving in opposite directions, used for continuously sheeting and plying up elastomeric compounds, and frictioning or coating with elastomeric compounds. 

The calendering machine of three, four or more hollow rolls has arrangements for heating by steam or hot water or cooling by refrigerated water. The widths of the calender rolls may be only six inches for a laboratory size calendering machine or up to hundred inches when heavy work and a large volume production are required. 

Calender - A machine equipped with two or more heavy, internally heated or cooled rolls, used for the continuous sheeting or plying up of rubber compounds. 

Sheet forming is carried out on a sheet, in most cases extruded, sometimes calendered. The sheet is first heated to above its softening temperature, then formed and thereafter cooled. The technique most frequently applied is vacuum forming the force required for deformation is brought about by a vacuum below the heated sheet, which sucks the sheet onto the mould. In its simplest form, this process is sketched in Figure 11.28. Heating is mostly achieved with infra-red radiation sources, cooling with compressed air or water sprays. 

In the early days a calender train for plastics was a very basic affair, consisting of a line of small rollers to transport the film to an embossing nip, and a set of three or four larger cooled rollers to bring it to a crude wind-up. Probably there would be only three motors to drive the whole train and very little adjustment of speed ratios would be possible—a far cry from modern equipment, in which there may be twenty motors for a train. 

---