Spray chambers cooled

HR-ICP-MS EEEMENT-2 (Pinnigan MAT, Germany) equipped with a standard introduction system (quartz water-cooled spray chamber, concentric nebulizer, torch with 1.5 mm i.d. injector and nickel cones) was used for measurements. The following operating conditions were used RP power 1150 W, coolant gas flow rate 16 1 min k auxiliary gas flow rate 0.85 1 min nebulizer gas flow rate 1.2 1 min k Sample uptake rate was 0.8-1 ml min k Measurements were performed with low and middle resolutions. Rh was used as an internal standard. Por calibration working standard solutions were prepared by diluting the multielemental stock solutions CPMS (SPEX, USA) with water to concentration range from 5 ng to 5 p.g I k... 

Three different spray chamber designs (Fig. 3.6) are most often used for ICP-MS the Scott [15] (double-barrel) chamber, a conical chamber with an impact bead, and a cyclonic chamber [14,16,17]. The cyclonic spray chamber typically provides a slightly (up to about a factor of 2 or 3) higher analyte transport efficiency as well as somewhat shorter washout times. In some cases the spray chamber is cooled (such as on the HP 4500 ICP-MS double-pass spray chamber, which is cooled to 4°C) to reduce the amount of water vapor that enters the ICP further so that signals from polyatomic ions containing oxygen are reduced. The cooled spray chamber also helps maintain a stable spray chamber temperature. 

It must be noted that increasing the amount of solvent in the ICP produces a higher load on the plasma and an increase in reflected powers, causing plasma instability. Desolvation of the sample aerosol may overcome this hurdle and is achieved by the use of a cooled spray chamber. In addition, Peltier coolers and membrane dryers [23] have been used for desolvating liquid aerosols and eliminate approximately 90% of the aerosol (Fig. 10.3). Spray chambers may also im-... 

P. Schramel, Improvement of ICP-measurements by using a water-cooled spray chamber, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 320 (1985), 233-236. 

POLLMANN D., PlLGER C., Hergenroder R., Leis F., Tschopel P. and Broekaert J. A. C. (1994) Noise power spectra of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using a cooled spray chamber, Spectrochim Acta, Part B 49 683-690. 

An analytical scheme was developed [3] to characterize both the concentration and nature of the selenium species present in the various streams measmed (Fig. 1). Because an in-depth discussion of all of the techniques would be beyond the scope of this paper, the reviewed work will focus on the efforts to measure total selenium as well as selenite, selenate, and selenocyanate. A Sciex Elan Model 6000 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer system equipped with a water-cooled spray chamber was used for all of the selenium measurements. The operating conditions used for the ICP-MS are presented in Table 2, while conditions for the IC are presented in Table 3. 

Noise power spectra of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using a cooled spray chamber,... 

Water-Cooled and Peltier-Cooled Spray Chambers... 

Such is the added capability and widespread use of these nebulizers across all application areas that manufacturers are developing application-specific integrated systems that include the spray chamber and a choice of different desolvation techniques to reduce the amount of solvent aerosol entering the plasma. Depending on the types of samples being analyzed, some of these systems include a low-flow nebulizer, Peltier-cooled spray chambers, heated spray chambers, Peltier-cooled condensers, and membrane desolvation technology. Some of the commercially available equipment include the following ... 

Microflow nebulizer coupled with a Peltier-cooled spray chamber An... 

USN, Cooled Spray Chambers, Desolvators, Autosamplers, Dilutors) ... 

Alternative Sample Introduction Techniques Nonstandard sampling accessories like laser ablation systems, flow injection analyzers, electrothermal vaporizers, cooled spray chambers, desolvation equipment, direct injection nebulizers, and automated sample delivery systans and dilu-tors are considered critical to enhancing the practical capabilities of the technique. Their use has increased significantly over the past few years as ICP-MS is being asked to solve more and more diverse application problems. This chapter reflects the increased interest in sampling accessories, especially in the area of specialized sample introduction and desolvation devices to reduce the impact of conunon interferences. 

Chilled/cooled spray chambers and desolvation devices are becoming more and more common in ICP-MS, primarily to cut down on the amount of liquid entering... 

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