Cooling chamber

Because of its low and regular thermal expansion, vitreous sHica is employed ia apparatus used to measure the thermal expansion of soHds. A detaHed account of the different methods used for this purpose has been pubHshed (227). The most common form of dHatometer utilizes a vitreous sHica tube closed at the bottom and containing the test sample. A movable rod of vitreous sHica, resting on the sample, actuates a dial iadicator resting on the top of the rod. The assembly containing the sample is placed ia a furnace, bath, or cooling chamber to attain the desired temperature. 

Heat is often removed by simply allowing it to escape by convection, radiation, and conduction. However, such uncontrolled escape can lead to very large temperature fluctuations. It is better to surround the entire container, heaters and all, with a controUed-temperature cooled chamber. Even then, buoyancy-driven free convection from the ampul can lead to small temperature fluctuations. Jets of air or cooling water appHed directly onto the ampul adjacent to the heater have been employed. Both temperature and flow rate of the coolant should be controlled. 

The combustion chamber of a modem steam generator is a large water-cooled chamber in which fuel is burned. Firing densities are important to ensure that the chamber wall metal temperatures do not exceed the limits of failure of the tubes. Firing densities are expressed in two ways volumetric combustion intensities and area firing intensities. The volumetric combustion intensity is defined by equation 23,... 

Mercury. In recovering mercuiy from cinnabar ores, the ore is crushed to minus 1.5 cm and fed to rotary Idlns, where it is calcined to over 800 K. Since the mercuiy exists as mercuric siilfide (HgS), the sulfur is oxidized to SO9 and the mercuiy vaporized. The gases are passed through cooling chambers, where the mercuiy condenses and is collected. Mercuiy vaporizes at 625 K. 

The aqueous portion is chilled in a cooling chamber at -10°C, whereupon the hydrochloride of 2-[N-(p-methylphenyl)-N-(m -hydroxyphenyl)-aminomethyl] -imidazoline crystallizes. 

Objective of the microscope 2. sample 3. sample support 4. electrical heating 5. cooling chamber with LN-. connection 6. vacuum connection (Fig. 1 from 11.271). 

Sublimate condensers are usually large, air-cooled chambers which tend to have very low heat-transfer coefficients (5-10 W/m2 deg K) because sublimate deposits on the condenser walls act as an insulator, and vapour velocities in the chambers are generally very low. 

Scott and co-workers [79] proposed a mechanism for CNT formation that involves the initial formation of a carbon cloud consisting of short carbon entities ( 3) and vaporized catalyst. Upon cooling, the condensation of the catalyst hinders the aggregation of carbon blocks into larger clusters, while supporting the anisotropic addition of carbon units into SWCNTs instead. The deposited SWCNTs are then collected from the cooled chamber walls after the synthesis. 

Transfer the cells immediately into a labelled cryovial and place into the cryo-cooling chamber. 

Figure 9.6 Semi-industriai granulator with three spraying chambers and two cooling chambers. Sensor iocations A, B, C and D are indicated.

The anode mud is now a much more important source of tellurium than any of the minerals. The mud is generally roasted in a current of air, when tellurium dioxide is formed. This condenses, together with oxides of arsenic and antimony, as small white crystals in the flues and cooling chambers, and is reduced to tellurium by smelting with charcoal at a low temperature.1... 

Condensers usually are large air-cooled chambers whose walls are kept clear with brushes or scrapers or even swinging weights. Scraped or brushed surface crystallizers such as Figure 16.10(a) should have some application as condensers. When a large rate of entrainer gas is employed, a subsequent collecting chamber will be needed. One of the hazards of entrainer sublimation with air is the possibility of explosions even of substances that are considered safe in their normal states. 

Fig. 1. Mixed-type extruder (1) Charge stock (2) healing or cooling chambers in extruder jacket (3) die and (4) extruded product...

Modules normally contain from 2 to 71 couples with ceramic-metal laminate plates. If modules are to be used in cooling chambers of large components, a total surface area of virtually any size can be made by placing the appropriate number of modules side by side. 

The aqueous portion is chilled in a cooling chamber at -10°C, whereupon the... 

This mold action permits uniform distribution of the plastics that is forced against the inside surface of the cavity. Following a prescribed cycle, the heat of the oven fuses or sinters the plastic and goes into the cooling chamber. The solidified product is removed from the mold and the cycle is repeated. This process permits molding very small to very large products. To improve product properties, hasten product densifi-cation, reduce air voids, reduce cure time, etc. 

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