Conway properties

Conway BE, Bockris JO M. 1957. Electrol)4ic hydrogen evolution kinetics and its relation to the electronic and adsorptive properties of the metal. J Chem Phys 26 532-541. 

In order to explain the changing optical properties of AIROFs several models were proposed. The UPS investigations of the valence band of the emersed film support band theory models by Gottesfeld [94] and by Mozota and Conway [79, 88]. The assumption of nonstoichiometry and electron hopping in the model proposed by Burke et al. [87] is not necessary. Recent electroreflectance measurements on anodic iridium oxide films performed by Gutierrez et al. [95] showed a shift of optical absorption bands to lower photon energies with increasing anodic electrode potentials, which is probably due to a shift of the Fermi level with respect to the t2g band [67]. 

This effect, called the third body effect by Conway and co-workers [101], is however controversial [102], The main argument against this theory is the fact that there is a specificity of catalytic behavior for each kind of metal adatom. Even adatoms producing similar geometrical blocking effects, present different catalytic properties. So, for instance, tin and lead [97] occupy two Pt atoms, but tin produces... 

The most well known work that Conway and his colleagues completed in Ottawa was on the analysis of potential sweep curves. I had been critical of the application of potential sweep theory to reactions which involved intermediates on the electrode surface and, working particularly early with Gilaedi and then with Halina Kozlowska, and to some extent with Paul Stonehart, Conway developed an analysis of the effect of intermediate radicals on the shape and properties of potential sweep showing how interesting electrode kinetic parameters could be thereby obtained. 

Before considering different theoretical approaches to determining the free energies and other thermodynamic properties of ionic solvation, it is important to be aware of a problem on the experimental level. There are several methods available for obtaining these quantities for electrolyte solutions, both aqueous and nonaqueous some of these have been described by Conway and Bockris162 and by Padova.163 For example, enthalpies of solvation can be found via thermodynamic cycles, free energies from solubilities or galvanic cell potentials. However the results... 

R. Parsons, Equilibrium Properties of Electrified Interphases, in Modem Aspects cf Electrochemistry, J. O M. Bockris and B. Conway, eds., Vol. 1, Butterworths London (1954). 

Mosley R.T., Culberson J.C., Kraker B., Feuston B.P., Sheridan R.P., Conway J.F., Forbes J.K., Chakravorty S.J., Kearsley S.K., Reagent selector using synthon analysis to visualize reagent properties and assist in basis set selection. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2005, 45, 1439-1446. 

Partial molar entropies of ions can, for example, be calculated assuming S (H+) = 0. Alternatively, because K+ and Cl ions are isoelectronic and have similar radii, the ionic properties of these ions in solution can be equated, e.g. analysis of B-viscosity coefficients (Gurney, 1953). In other cases, a particular theoretical treatment which relates solvation parameters to ionic radii indicates how the subdivision could be made. For example, the Bom equation requires that AGf (ion) be proportional to the reciprocal of the ionic radius (Friedman and Krishnan, 1973b). However, this approach involves new problems associated with the definition of ionic radius (Stem and Amis, 1959). In another approach to this problem, the properties of a series of salts in solution are plotted in such a way that the value for a common ion is obtained as the intercept. For example, when the partial molar volumes of some alkylammonium iodides, V (R4N+I ) in water (Millero, 1971) are plotted against the relative molecular mass of the cation, M+, the intercept at M + = 0 is equated to Ve (I-) (Conway et al., 1966). This procedure has been used to... 

Ref. [i] Parsons R (1954) Equilibrium properties of electrified interphases. In Bockris JO M, Conway BE (eds) Modern aspects of electrochemistry. Academic Press, New York... 

See also the main entry -+ underpotential deposition. Refs. [i] Haissinsky M (1933) J Chim Phys 30 27 [ii] Frumkin AN (1934) Zh Fiz Khimii 5 240 [iii] Kolb DM (1978) Physical and electrochemical properties of metal monolayers on metallic substrates. In Gerischer H, Tobias CW (eds) Advances in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering, vol. 11. Wiley New York, p 125 [iv] Conway B (1984) Progr Surf Sci 16 1 [v] Ye S, Uosaki K (2003) Atomically controlled electrochemical deposition and dissolution of noble metals. In BardAJ, Stratmannn M, Gileadi E, Urbakh M (eds) Thermodynamics and electrified interfaces. Encyclopedia of electrochemistry, vol. 1. Wiley-VCH, p 471 [vi] Adzic R (2003) Electrocatalysis on surfaces modified by metal monolayers deposited at underpotentials. In Bard AJ, Stratmannn M, Gileadi E, Urbakh M (eds) Thermodynamics and electrified interfaces. Encyclopedia of electrochemistry, vol. 1. Wiley-VCH, p 561... 

Conway, B.E., VerraU, R.E., and Desnoyers, J.E. Specificity in ionic hydration and the evaluation of individual ionic properties. Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 1965, 230, 157-178. 

A. Hamelin, Double-layer properties at sp and sd metal singlecrystal electrodes, in Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry. Vol. 16, B. E. Conway, J. O M. Bockris, and R. E. White, editors. Plenum Press, New York, 1985, pp. 1-102. 

The Eley-Pauling relation [Eq. (3)] was first used in electrosorption studies by Conway and Bockris (14) to rationalize the dependence of observed standard rate constants for the HER (as exchange current densities) at various electrode metals on respective properties of the metals, such as their electronic work functions, electronegativities, and chemisorption energies for H, as mentioned earlier. 

The digestion and absorption of organic and inorganic nutrients, as well as all other biochemical processes in living organisms, are influenced by the unique properties of water. Water is an interactive liquid or solvent. Its chemical interactions with solutes are called hydration. Hydration involves weak associations of water molecules with other molecules or ions, such as Na+, Cl , starch, or protein. Because hydration bonding is weak and transitory, the number of water molecules associated with an ion or molecule at any particular moment is approximate and difficult to measure. However, typical indicated hydration numbers are Na", 1-2 K+, 2 Mg2+, 4-10 4r-8 Zn2+, 4-10 Fe, 10 Q- 1 and F-, 4 (Conway, 1981). 

Tsai, R.-S., Carrupt, P.-A. and Testa, B. (1995). Measurement of Partition Coefficient Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. Method Development and Application to the Determination of Solute Properties. In Modern Countercurrent Chromatography (Conway, WD. and Pet-roski, R.J., eds.), American Chemical Society, New York (NY), pp. 143-154. 

Justice, J. C. In Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry Conway, B. E., Bockris, J. O M., Yeager, E., eds. Plenum Press New York, 1983 Vol. 5, Chapter 3. Karapetyan, Yu. A. Eychis, V. N. Physico-chemical Properties of Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions (in Russian) Khimia Moscow, 1989. 

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