Conviction

The same thought occurred to early chemists However the complete absence of natu rally occurring compounds based on cyclobutadiene and cyclooctatetraene contrasted starkly with the abundance of compounds containing a benzene unit Attempts to syn thesize cyclobutadiene and cyclooctatetraene met with failure and reinforced the grow mg conviction that these compounds would prove to be quite unlike benzene if m fact they could be isolated at all... 

So deep-seated at that time was the conviction that optical activity could arise only from carbon atoms that it was argued that the ethylenediamine mu.si be responsible, even though it is itself optically inactive, The opposition was only finally assuaged by Werner s subsequent resolution of an entirely inorganic material (p. 915). 

Work at Berkeley-Livermore in 1974 first convincingly demonstrated the synthesis of this element via the reaction " Cf( 0,4n) 106. Contemporaneous work at Dubna applied their novel cold fusion method (p. 1280) to reactions such as 82 Pb - - 24 Cr although this methodolgy was crucial to the synthesis of all later elements (107-112) it did not at that time demonstrate the formation of element 106 with adequate conviction. Very recently, element 106 was resynthesized by a new group at Berkeley using exactly the same reaction as employed in 1974. The isotope 106 decays with a half-life of 0.8 0.2 s to 104 and then by a second... 

In the minds of many, especially those who have not had the opportunity to use it, catalytic hydrogenation has acquired an aura of mystery the choice of catalyst seems capricious, operating conditions arbitrary, catalyst preparation secret, and the working of the catalyst unfathomable. It is the purpose of this work to meet these objections to provide rationale for choice of catalyst and conditions to acquaint the reader with catalysts, equipment, and procedure and to impart the conviction that hydrogenation is a powerful, readily handled, broad-scoped procedure of general utility for synthesis in both laboratory and industrial plant. 

Consider a logic gate with 3-iiiput and 3-output lines. Edward Fredkin, motivated by a deep conviction in a fundamental connection between a discrete, finite physics and reversible computation [wrightSS], discovered a simple universal 3-input/ 3-output logic function that now bears his name [fredkin82]. 

The Harger Drunkometer was introduced in 1938 to help convict drunk drivers. 

I been established to serve as a registry of convicted offenders. When a DNA sample is obtained from a crime scene, the sample is subjected to cleavage with restriction endonucleases to cut out fragments containing the STR loci, the fragments are amplified using the polymerase chain reaction, and the sequences of the fragments are determined. 

Arrhenius success in science must be credited not only to his brilliance as a scientist but also to his conviction in his views. His understanding of the electrical properties of aqueous solutions nus so far ahead of contemporary thought that it would have been ignored but for his confidence in the usefulness of his theory and his refusal to abandon it. It is fitting tribute that the ionic model of aqueous solutions has changed permanently the face of inorganic chemistry. 

McMillan, G., Dispersing Heat through Conviction Funnier Side of Process Control, ISA, 1999. 

This may be a gooji place for the authors to record their conviction that x-ray emission spectrography will gain so rapidly upon the optical that the variety of analyses being done by each method will have become comparable before 1970. 

In his first paper, Machatschki suggested that the sulfur atoms present in excess over the number required by his ideal formula, Cu3SbSs, occupy the positions 0 0 0 and J J at which we have located the Sn atoms. In his second paper, however, he considers the excess sulfur to occupy positions corresponding to the completed sphalerite arrangement (i i etc.). There is little chance of deciding between these alternatives by X-ray data however, our conviction that the ideal formula is (Cu, Zw)12/S7>4/813 requires the acceptance of the former. 

At Springer we firmly believe that an international science publisher has a special obligation to the environment, and our corporate policies consistently reflect this conviction. 

Despite his numerous achievements, Mendeleyev is remembered mainly for the periodic table. Central to his concept was the conviction that the properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses. Today, chemists believe that the periodicity of the elements is more apparent when the elements are ordered by atomic number, not atomic mass. However, this change affected Mendeleyevs periodic table only slightly because atomic mass and atomic number are closely correlated. The periodic table does not produce a rigid rule like Paulis exclusion principle. The information one can extract from a periodic table is less precise. This is because its groupings contain elements with similar, but not identical, physical and chemical properties. 

Apparently there are psychiatrist and nonpsychiatrist clinicians whose experience convinces them that MDMA can have therapeutic uses, mainly as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Despite these convictions, there appear to be no published data to support these claims. There is an urgent need for objective data from well-controlled, blinded clinical studies, if these claims of therapeutic usefulness are to be taken seriously. If a bona fide use is evident, then it may be possible to produce other drugs with the same desirable action, lacking the toxicity inherent in MDMA. 

The conviction that C should be strictly positive was so compelling that it has been typically believed to also apply under cr-control conditions (see Refs. 7 and 36 for a review). In some other cases, confusion was caused by an opposite extreme, dropping the restrictions on C < 0 even for -control. 

Larceny and robbery were the most common top arrest charges in the sample. Each of these charges accounted for 14 percent of the arrests. (Arrestees are often charged with multiple offenses, and tend to plead guilty to, or be convicted of, a lesser offense. 

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