Contrast agents for computed tomography

Pancreas Oral cholecysto-graphic agent iopanoate ( ) experimental Unknown excretion into pancreatic duct Schmiedl U etal (1994) Imaging of exocrine pancreatic function investigation of the bioavailability of weak organic acids as potential pancreatic contrast agents for computed tomography. Invest Radiol 29 689-694... 

Most contrast agents elicit nephrotoxicity because they are primarily excreted by the kidneys. However, when administered in small doses, they constitute a rich source of GFR markers. The two major classes of contrast agents that are finding clinical utility as GFR markers are iodinated aromatic compounds and metal complexes. lodinated aromatics such as iohexol and iothalamate (Fig. 13) are commonly used as contrast agents for computed tomography (GT). They also have pharmacokinetics similar to inulin and hence are useful indicators of renal status [215]. The iodinated molecules used for GFR measurements consist of a triiodo-benzene core and hydrophilic groups to enhance solubility in aqueous medium. 

Krause W, Schuhmann-Giampieri G, Bauer M, Press WR, Muschick P (1996) Ytterbium-and dysprosium-EOB-DTPA A new prototype of Uver-specific contrast agents for computed tomography. Invest Radiol 31 11... 

D.A. Bakan, M.A. Longino, J.P. Weichert and R.E. Counsell, Physicochemical characterization of a synthetic lipid emulsion for hepatocyte-selective delivery of lipophilic compounds application to polyiodinated triglycerides as contrast agents for computed tomography, J. Pharm. Sci. 85 (1996) 908-914. 

Cold Nanospheres as a Contrast Agent for Computed Tomography... 

Gazelle GS, Wolf GL, Mclntire GL, Bacon ER, Halpern EF, Cooper ER, Toner JL (1994) Nanoparticulate computed tomography contrast agents for blood pool and liver-spleen imaging. Acad Radiol 1 6... 

Binder T, Assayag P, Baer F, Flachskampf F, Kamp O, Nienaber C, Nihoyannopoulos P, Pierard L, Steg G, Vanoverschelde JL, Van der Wouw P, Meland N, Marelli C, Lindvall K. NClOOlOO, a new echo contrast agent for the assessment of myocardial perfusion—safety and comparison with technetium-99m sestamibi singlephoton emission computed tomography in a randomized multicenter study. Clin Cardiol 1999 22(4) 273-82. 

Jakbmola A, Anton N, Vandamme TF. Inorganic nanoparticles based contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography. Adv Healthc are Mater 2012 1 413-31. 

C. Alric et al. Gadolinium chelate coated gold nanoparticles as contrast agents for both X-ray computed tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Journal of the American Chemical Society (2008). 

Computed tomography (CT), another medical imaging technique, is based on X-ray attenuation by a specimen and can provide 3D images with excellent spatial resolution. Standard contrast agents for CT contain elements with a high Z number (e.g., iodine, barium, and bismuth), which can be incorporated in large amounts into nanoMOFs. As proof-of-concept, deKrafft et al. fabricated nanoMOFs based on the associations of Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions with 2,3,5,6-tetraiodo-l,4-benzenedicarboxylic... 

Kim, D Park, S., Lee, J.H., Jeong, Y.Y. and)on, S. (2007) Antibiofouling polymer-coated gold nanopartides as a contrast agent for in vivo X-ray computed tomography imaging. Journal of the American Chemical Sodety, 129, 7661-5. 

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