Continuous filament textile yams

Jets for continuous filament textile yam are typically 1 cm diameter gold—platinum ahoy stmctures with 20—500 holes of 50—200 p.m diameter. Tire yam jets are also 1 cm in diameter but typicahy use 1000—2000 holes to give the required balance of filament and yam denier. Staple fiber jets can have as many as 70,000 holes and can be made from a single dome of ahoy or from clusters of the smaller textile or tire yam jets. The precious metal ahoy is one of the few materials that can resist the harsh chemical environment of a rayon machine and yet be ductile enough to be perforated with precision. Glass jets have been used for filament production, and tantalum metal is a low cost but less durable alternative to gold—platinum. 

Audivert R, Fortuyny E. Filament feeding in spinning of staple fiber yams covered with continuous filament. Textil Res J 1980 50(12) 754. 

In the manufacture of man-made and synthetic textiles the base materials are extruded through tiny orifices producing continuous lengths of very fine fibres or filaments. The textiles are mostly used in this continuous filament form, but for some purposes the filaments may be cut up into short fibres and spun into a yam. 

Nonwovens are textile products that are manufactured directly from fibers. They are defined as a manufactured sheet, web, or matt of directionally or randomly oriented fibers, bonded by friction, and/or cohesion, and/or adhesion excluding paper and products which are woven, tufted, stichbounded incorporating binding yams or filaments, or felted by wetmilling whether or not additionally needed. The fibers may be of natural or manmade origin. They may be staple or continuous filaments or maybe formed in situ. ... 

With the exception of silk, which the silkworm or spider extrudes as a continuous filament, natural fibers are of finite length. For textile use, these need to be cleaned and then spun into threads or yams. Synthetic fibers, on the other hand, are continuous filaments produced from a solution or melt. The term spinning is used to describe the formation of synthetic fibers, but in this sense it has no relation to the process for combining fibers into threads. 

Antron [Du Pont]. TM for nylon textile fibers in the form of continuous filament yams and staple. 

Manufacturers of composite structures have traditionally used prepreg tape to manufacture structural components. Fibres are initially combined into unidirectional tows (bundles) of fibres combined into fabrics, e.g. by weaving or knitting. The vast majority of the tows employed in woven, braided or knitted reinforcements comprise low twist or untwisted continuous filament yams. Three-dimensional technical textiles can be produced by weaving [5], knitting [6] and braiding [7] or as non-crimp fabrics. 

The viscose obtained from Cross and Bevan was so successful for production of lamp filaments that Steam asked Topham to try to spin it for use in textiles. The first experiments failed dismally. After several years of painstaking work, Topham made several discoveries essential to the spinning of yam from viscose aging (ripening) of the solution, filtration to remove particles, multiple-hole platinum spinnerettes, and a circular, centrifugally operated yarn collecting device that twisted the yam and packaged it in convenient cake form [117]. The Topham box, as it is still called, or variations of it are still on many of the continuous-filament rayon machines today. 

Fiber spinning process Melting spinning is the common process used to make textile-type polyolefin fibers (UHMWPE is an exception due to its ultra-high molecular weight as will be seen later). The process of making continuous filament yam consists of the following steps [2] ... 

Several yam manufacturing methods exist in the textile industry. The characteristics of the yam that is used in constmcting a fabric highly influences the mechanical properties of the fabric and similarly, the yam characteristics are strongly dependent upon the fibre characteristics and the yam stmcture. The yam can be formed by using either staple fibres or continuous filaments. Several spinning systems exist for processing staple fibre yams, each of which has a different structure and exhibits different properties. Similarly, continuous filament yams can be manufactured as either monofilaments or multifilaments, with or without twist imparted into them. 

Yam—A generic term for strands or bundles of continuous filaments or fibres, usually twisted and suitable for making textile fabric. 

Denier per filament (DPF) fi-l9-m9nt n. The denier of an individual continuous filament or an individual staple fiber if it were continuous. In filament yarns, it is the yam denier divided by the number of filaments. Joespeh ML (1986) Textile science, 5th edn. CBS College Publishing, New York. 

A nonwoven fabric is a textile structure made from fibers, without a yam being first made knitted and woven fabrics, require yams. A nonwoven fabric normally comprises a network of fibers or continuous filament yams strengthened by mechanical, chemical, or thermally interlocking processes. Examples are bonding with hinders such as latex polymers, needling, hydroentanglement, and stitchbonding. 

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