Fermentor continuous

The Provesteen process, developed by Phillips Petroleum Company, employs a proprietary 25,000-L continuous fermentor for producing Hansenu/a jejunii the sporulating form of C. utilis from glucose or sucrose at high cell concentrations up to 150 g/L. The fermentor is designed to provide optimum oxygen and heat transfer (69,70). 

FIGURE 12.6 Continuous fermentor with recycle of live cells. 

The four-dimensional model simulates the oscillatory behavior of an experimental continuous fermentor quite successfully in the high feed sugar concentration region. 

P. Garhyan, S. S. E. H. Elnashaie, S. A. Haddad, G. Ibrahim, S. S. Elshishini, Exploration and exploitation of bifurcation/chaotic behavior of a continuous fermentor for the production of ethanol, Chemical Engineering Science, 58 (8), 1479-1496, 2003... 

For a typical single-stage continuous fermentor at steady state, a biomass material balance around the reactor yields the following relationship,... 

With xanthan gum, continuous fermentation243-245 resulted in lower estimates of cost for its production. Also, with the production of bacterial alginate by Azotobacter vinelandii, serious loss of substrate by respiration could be minimized by proper selection of the conditions in the continuous fermentor.62 With some micro-organisms, the desired metabolites are not produced, owing to selection of less-productive strains. Apparently, this selection occurred with Xanthomonas campestris246 when Rogovin and coworkers243-245 found that production of xanthan decreased after —8-10 fermentor turnovers. 

The increase in cell production due to UF is shown in Figure 3.103.76 Clostridium histolyticum is cultivated in batch and continuous fermentors. In the batch system, the organism approaches a stationary phase at about the twelfth hour due to toxic metabolite production. In the continuous fermentor, fresh substrate is fed continuously and the toxic products are continuously removed enabling growth to continue well past the fortieth hour. Likewise, the enzyme production from this fermentor is enhanced (see Figure... 

Figure 3.104 Comparison of batch and continuous fermentors in enzyme production.

Higher cell concentrations are usually achieved in cell recycle fermentors than in the usual fermentor. Steady state mass balances on viable cells and on the limiting growth substrates for a continuous fermentor (Figure 7.43) can be written as 117... 

The fermentations were accomplished in a BioFlo lie bioreactor (Batch/Continuous Fermentor New Brunswick Scientific USA) with nominal capacity of 5.0 1 of volume. The useful volume used in the fermentations was 3.0 1, and the temperature was maintained at 30 °C and the agitation in 100 rpm, with a Rushton 6-blade impeller. The oxygenation was nondispersive with the use of pure oxygen [14]. The culture medium was composed by... 

Acids in Cultures of Mixed Ruminal Microorganisms Grown in Continuous Fermentors Fed Corn or Barley, 86 324—330 (2003). 

Continuous fermentors (Figure 12.15) comprise a 400 to 4000 hi stainless steel tower. A 4000 hi system can handle 130 metric tons of harvest per day and it can produce approximately 23 000 hi of wine in 3 weeks. An annual wine production of 40 000 hi is necessary to justify the costs of such a system. These fermentors permit the daily reception of fresh grapes and the evacuation of an equivalent amount of partially fermented wine and skins. In the upper part, a rotating rake removes the... 

A typical single-stage continuous fermentor is depicted in Fig. 24.7. 

Fig. 24.9. Single-stage continuous fermentor with recycle.

Another continuous fermentor system encountered in the microbial world is the multistage system with step feeding. This configuration is depicted in Fig. 24.11. 

Fig. 24.11. Multistage continuous fermentor with step feeding.

Consider the growth of a microorganism, say a yeast, in a continuous fermentor of the type shown in Fig. 5.1. The volume of the liquid in the fermentor is V. The flow rate of nutrients into the fermentor is F, and the flow rate of products out of the fermentor is The material balance for the cells X is... 

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