Continental collision

Pysklywec RN, Beaumont C, Fullsack P (2002) Lithospheric deformation during the early stages of continental collision Numerical experiments and comparison with South-Island, New Zealand. J Geophys Res 107(B7), Art. No. 2133... 

Dettman DL, Fang X, Garzione CN, Li J (2003) Uplift-driven climate change at 12 Ma a long 5180 record from the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau. Earth Planet Sci Lett 214 267-277 Dewey JF, Burke KCA (1973) Tibetan, Variscan, and Precambrian basement reactivation products of continental collision. J Geol 81 683-692... 

Hanson R. B. (1997) Hydrodynamics of regional metamorphism due to continental collision. Econ. Geol. 92, 880-891. 

Beaumont C., Kamp P., Hamilton J., and Fullsack P. (1996) The continental collision zone. South Island, New Zealand comparison of geodynamical models and observations. 

Evidence of continental collision is as accessible as the nearest copy of the Times Atlas. A glance at the map shows the northern edge of the Indian subcontinent festooned with mountain chains rising as India crashes northward into Eurasia. The processes of continental crust subduction and ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphism are... 

The foregoing examples of limited fluid mobility during HP and UHP metamorphism caused by subduction raise questions about interactions between slab fluids and the mantle during continental collision. How deeply into the mantle can mineral-bound water be carried by a subducting slab Over what depth interval is water transferred from slab to mantle By what mechanism is the transfer of water into the mantle accomplished Complete answers to these questions cannot as yet be given. 

Hwang S.-L., Shen P., Yui T.-F., and Chu H.-T. (2001b) Defect microstmctures of minerals as a potential indicator of extremely rapid and episodic exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rock implication to continental collision orogens. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 192, 57-63. 

England P. C. and Thompson A. B. (1986) Crustal melting in continental collision zones. In Collision Tectonics. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 19 (eds. M. P. Coward and A. C. Ries) Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp. 83-94. 

Nabelek P. I. and Liu M. (1999) Leucogranites in the Black Hills of South Dakota the consequence of shear heating during continental collision. Geology 27, 523-526. 

Thompson A. B. and Connelly J. A. D. (1995) Melting of the continental crust some thermal and petrological constraints on anatexis in continental collision zones and other tectonic settings. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 15565-15579. 

One special type of orogeny that can happen during a continental collision is the rise of ophiolite mountains. On rare occasions the crast beneath the ocean floor fractures along the tectonically active coast of a continent, and oceanic crust is thrast up over the shore and forms mountains. This spectacular form of plate-tectonic backfire is not supposed to happen, yet it does often enough to have its own name obduction, meaning over (ob-) leading (-duction). A piece of oceanic crast, and the... 

IV. Basins developed during continental collision and suturing... 

Duane, M.J. and M.J. de Wit, 1988. Pb-Zn ore deposits of the northern Caledonides Products of continental-scale fluid mixing and tectonic expulsion during continental collision. Geology, Vol. 16, pp. 999-1002... 

VAN Reenen, D. D., Barton, J. M., Roering, C. A., Smith, C. A. van Schalkwyk, J. F. 1987. Deep crustal response to continental collision the Limpopo belt of southern Africa. Geology (Boulder), 15, 11-14. 

The tectonic water cycle in Earth is today heavily dependent on the presence of hquid water above mid-ocean ridges. The height of the continents is controlled by the depth of the oceans (Hess 1962). If oceans froze, erosion would slow. Over time, if andesitic volcanism and continental collision continued, continents would become somewhat thicker and of smaller area, much more rugged. 

A further class of mantle samples are variously described in the literature as peridotite massifs, Alpine peridotites, and orogenic lher-zolites. They are thought to be slices of mantle peridotite emplaced into or onto the continental crust during continental collision but they cannot be strictly identified as ophiolite fragments. 

After the Middle Eocene continental collision, sedimentation was characterized by olistostromes un-conformably overlying the deformed thrust system of the Ligurian oceanic units (Fig. 2a). Pelagic and... 

Relatively little well preserved sedimentary rock and associated C can be found in lithosphere older than 3.0 Ga. The tectonically active Archean marine basins favored rapid destruction of crust by continental collisions, partial melting and mantle/crust exchange (Windley 1984). Most of Archean continental crust had not yet become stabilized by cratonization (Rogers 1996), therefore a greater fraction of continental sediments experienced greater instability and thermal alteration. The freshest sediments occur in the 3.5 to 3.2 billion-year-old Kaapvaal Craton of South Africa and the Pilbara Block of Western Australia (Lowe 1992). These deposits are associated with episodes of greenstone activity and intrusive events that created stable microcontinents or cratons. These cratons became the nuclei of full-sized modern continents. 

Fig. 8.23 The continental collision model considers that the structure of the Shackleton Range is the result of compression caused by the collision of the East Antarctic craton with the African continent. The resulting closure of the Mozambique ocean is recorded by the Mozambique fold belt. The Ross Orogen, which underlies the Transantarctic Mountains formed by compression of sedimentary and volcanic rocks in an active subduction zone followed by intrusion of the anatectic granitoids of the Granite Harbor Intrusives. Both tectonic processes affected the deposition and subsequent deformation and metamorphism of the basement rocks of the Shackleton Range (Adapted from Tessensohn et al. 1999a)...

Three different types of plate boundaries exist convergent, divergent, and transform. Relative motion of two plates toward each other occurs at convergent, away from each other at divergent, and parallel to the boundary at transform boundaries (Fig. 1). Convergent plate boundaries are subduction zones where oceanic lithosphere of one plate dives beneath another plate. The overriding plate can be either oceanic lithosphere, such as in the Philippine Sea, or continental hth-osphere, such as in South America. Continental collision zones are another form of cmivergent boundary. Continental hthosphere material, in... 

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