Representational model

S. Sun, Reduced representation model of protein structure prediction statistical potential and genetic algorithms. Protein Sci. 2 (1993), 762-785. 

Onwu, G., Randall, E. (2006). Some aspects of students understanding of a representational model of the particulate nature of chemistry in three different countries. Chemistry Education Research andPractice, 7(4), 226-239. 

This chapter draws attention to the role of multimedia in learning, teaching, and assessing chemical education. In particular, this chapter focuses on how multimedia can enhance chemistry learning of the relationship between the symbolic, macro, submicro levels of chemistiy and discusses theories and empirical studies from the following perspectives (1) multimedia as a representational modeling tool... 

What is the appropriate representational model for describing the true process trends, and how is it generated from the process data ... 

TWo of the monoclonal antibodies produced, 7D4 and 22C8, proved to be completely stereoselective, separately catalysing the endo and the exo Diels-Alder reactions, with a fccat of 3.44 X 10-3 and 3.17 X 10 3 min-1 respectively at 25°C. That the turnover numbers are low was attributed in part to limitations in transition state representation modelling studies had shown that the transition states for both the exo and endo processes were asynchronous whereas both TSAs [61] and [62] were based on synchronous transition states (Gouverneur et al., 1993). 

The solvation processes for the anion systems were simulated using both simple ball models and more representational models of the solvent and solute [14,22]. 

In the internal representation model the time-frequency plane is divided in cells with a resolution of 20 ms along in the time axis (time index m) and of 0.2 Bark along the frequency axis (frequency index /). A first approach was to use the power ratio between the output y and input x, py px in every (At, A f) cell (m, /) as a correction factor for the noise disturbance L (m, l) in that cell (nomenclature is chosen to be consistent with [Beerends and Stemerdink, 1992]). 

Although the PSQM uses a rather simple internal representation model the correlation with the subjectively perceived speech quality is very high. For the two speech quality databases that were used in the PAQM validation the method even gives a minor improvement in correlation. Because of a difference in the mapping from intensity to loudness a different weighting for the silent intervals has to be used (compare Figs. 1.16, 1.17 with 1.18,10 1.1911). 

In psychoacoustic literature many experiments on masking behavior can be found for which the internal representation model should, in theory, be able to predict the behavior of subjects. One of these effects is the sharpening of the excitation pattern after switching off an auditory stimulus [Houtgast, 1977], which is partly modelled implicitly here in the form of the dependence of the slope S2 in Eq. (1.1) on intensity. After switching off the masker the representation in the next frame in the model is a sharpened version of the previous frame . 

As the limitations of the additive group-contribution techniques become more apparent, new representational models will be required to solve the product design problem. These models must maintain some simplicity in the structure-property relationships, which can be inverted in an efficient and explicit manner to yield the structure(s) of the feasible molecule(s). Such models have yet to be invented, but it is important to keep in mind the needs of the product design, as new theories and techniques are being written for the estimation of physical properties. 

Pharmacokinetics/toxicokinetics may be defined as the study of the dynamic movements of xenobiotics during their passage through the body and as such encompass the concept of disposition described previously (Figure 1). In simpler words, it tells us what the body does to foreign chemicals. To that end, pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic analysis uses mathematical terms, or equations, to describe the time course of the absorption and disposition of xenobiotics in the body and proposes simplified representations (models) of the relationship between time and movements of xenobiotics. Once the information on the concentration of a chemical in biologically relevant parts of the body is provided by pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic studies, it then usually becomes possible to better understand, interpret, and even predict the nature and the extent of the biological effects of xenobiotics. 

Nandy, A. and Nandy, P. (2003) On the rmiqueness of quantitative DNA difference descriptors in 2D graphical representation models. Chem. Phys. Lett., 368, 102-107. 

S. Sun, Protein Sci., 2, 762 (1993). Reduced Representation Model of Protein Structure Prediction Statistical Potential and Genetic Algorithms. 

Store existing models, including model representation, model abstraction, and physical and logical model storage... 

The first-principles models of human performance are based on the mechanisms that underlie and cause human behavior. First-principles models integrate human perceptual and cognitive systems and human motor systems, thus incorporating the higher-level behaviors that are characteristic of human performance. This incorporation supports emergent human behavior based on elementary model function. The representational models and the research upon which these models have been based can be seen in Table 1. 

I.2.2. Solid Modeling A very important class of 3D modelers is generated by the volume systems. The appropriate internal computer representation is broken down into either boundary representation models (B-reps) or Constructive Solid Models (CSGs). The representation depends on the basic volume modeling principles and the deciding differences between the 3D CAD system classes. 

---