Containers nitrous oxide

In the illumination of a ZnS sol, containing nitrous oxide and propanol-2, hydrogen and nitrogen are the gaseous products, and acetone and pinacol the condensed products. The acetone to pinacol ratio is 4 1, and the sum of the yields of the condensed products always equals that of the gaseous products. This is explained by the following mechanism ... 

Teraguchi, T., and Hollocher, T. C. (1989). Purification and some characteristics of a cytochrome c-containing nitrous oxide reductase from Wolinella succinogenes. ]. Biol. Chem. 264, 1972-1979. 

Reduction of N20 to N2 by bacteria (Eq. 18-30, step d) is catalyzed by the copper-containing nitrous oxide reductase. The purple enzyme is a dimer of 66-kDa subunits, each containing four atoms of Cu.353 It has spectroscopic properties similar to those of cytochome c oxidase and a dinuclear copper-thiolate center similar to that of CuA in cytochrome c oxidase (p. 1030). 

A soln. of sodium nitrate in oono. sulphuric acid in the absence of air acquires under the action of mercury, copper, or silver an intense blue colour, which gradually fades the colourless soln. contains nitrous oxide. Nitrosulphonic acid forms with a soln. of sulphur dioxide in sulphurio acid a blue soln. from which nitric oxide is quantitatively evolved, 2N02.S03H+S0j+2Hj0 = 2N0+3HsS04. Nitric oxide is absorbed by copper sulphate dissolved in cone, sulphuric acid in the mol, ratio 1 1 at atm. temp, and press. the conception that the dark blue soln. contains the copper salt of nitrosisulphonic acid is strengthened by the observation that hydroxylaminesulphonic acid is oxidized by mono-persulphuric acid in presence of sulphuric acid and a trace of copper to a dark blue compound, whereas hydroxylamine is not similarly affected. 

Sherman WV (1967b) Light-induced and radiation-induced reactions in methanol. I. y-Radiolysis of solutions containing nitrous oxide. J Phys Chem 71 4245-4255 Sherman WV (1967c) The y-radiolysis of liquid 2-propanol. III. Chain reactions in alkaline solutions containing nitrous oxide. J Phys Chem 71 1695-1702 Silva C, Walhout PK, Yokoyama K, Barbara PF (1998) Femtosecond solvation dynamics of the hydrated electron. Phys Rev Lett 80 1086-1089... 

Anesthetics Nitrous oxide (NzO) or laughing gas, the most abused of the gases. Liquid anesthetic contains halothane and enflurane local anesthetic contains ethyl chloride. Vegetable oil cooking spray and whipping cream cartridges also contain nitrous oxide. 

The TiVOx Catalyst. Industrial waste gases frequently contain nitrous oxide emissions (N0X). This pollutant can be removed by co-proportionation with ammonia in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Vanadia (vanadium oxide) is an active material to this end and titania (titanium oxide) is often used as a support because it also has a promoting effect. To improve this catalyst, and to make it cheaper, titania and vanadia were deposited on a high-specific-surface—area silica. The most successful version was obtained by co-impregnation of the active compounds. 

Air Emissions Emissions from the stack may contain nitrous oxides (NOJ volatile metals, such as lead and products of incomplete combustion (PICs). Modeling may need to be conducted to predict the distribution of emissions. 

Figure 1. Ultraviolet absorption bands of various hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals in aqueous solution containing nitrous oxide at neutral pH. The ordinate gives the relative optical density and the abscissa the wavelength in n.m.

The present data may be explained if N20" (or N2OH) radicals act as oxidizing radicals of low reactivity. Thus, our results give no evidence for a conversion of hydrated electrons into OH radicals in irradiated solutions of AA containing nitrous oxide. Furthermore, in the present system, N20 (or N2OH) does not seem to behave as stoichiometrically equivalent to OH. 

Danger Cylinders that may contain nitrous oxide, toxic, or flammable gases should not be subjected to an odor (sniff) test. 

Nitrous oxide will support combustion. It must be kept away from oil, grease, and other combustible materials. Never permit oil, grease or any other readily combustible substance to come in contact with cylinders or other equipment containing nitrous oxide. 

Prudencio M, Pereira AS, Tavares P, Besson S, Cabrito 1, Brown K, Samyn B, Devreese B, Van Beeumen J, Rusnak F, Fanqne G, Moura JJG, Tegoni M, CambiUau C, Moura I. 2000. Purification, cbaracterization, and preUminaty crystallographic study of copper containing nitrous oxide reductase from pseudomonas nautica 617. Biochemistry 39 3899-3907. 

The main problem in this technique is getting the atoms into the vapour phase, bearing in mind the typically low volatility of many materials to be analysed. The method used is to spray, in a very fine mist, a liquid molecular sample containing the atom concerned into a high-temperature flame. Air mixed with coal gas, propane or acetylene, or nitrous oxide mixed with acetylene, produce flames in the temperature range 2100 K to 3200 K, the higher temperature being necessary for such refractory elements as Al, Si, V, Ti and Be. 

Propellants. The propellant, said to be the heart of an aerosol system, maintains a suitable pressure within the container and expels the product once the valve is opened. Propellants may be either a Hquefied halocarbon, hydrocarbon, or halocarbon—hydrocarbon blend, or a compressed gas such as carbon dioxide (qv), nitrogen (qv), or nitrous oxide. 

Unpiotonated hydioxylamine is oxidized rapidly by ozone, / = 2.1 X 10 (39). The reaction of ozone with the lower oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2) is also rapid and quantitative the end product is nitrogen pentoxide, which is also a catalyst for the decomposition of ozone (45). Nitrous oxide, however, reacts slowly (k < 10 ) (39). Nitrogen-containing anions, eg, nitrite and cyanide, also ate oxidized by ozone (39). Nitrite is oxidized to nitrate (fc = 3.7 X 10 and cyanide is oxidized rapidly to cyanate (fc = 2.6 X 10 (46) and 10 -10 (39)). Cyanate, however, is oxidized slowly. 

Public concerns about air quality led to the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970 to amendments to that act in 1977 and 1990. The 1990 amendments contained seven separate titles covering different regula-toiy programs and include requirements to install more advanced pollution control equipment and make other changes in industrial operations to reduce emissions of air pollutants. The 1990 amendments address sulfur dioxide emissions and acid rain deposition, nitrous oxide emissions, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide emissions, particulate emissions, tail pipe emissions, evaporative emissions, reformulated gasoline, clean-fueled vehicles and fleets, hazardous air pollutants, solid waste incineration, and accidental chemical releases. 

Direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol could be achieved using zeolite catalysts containing rhodium, platinum, palladium, or irridium. The oxidizing agent is nitrous oxide, which is unavoidable a byproduct from the oxidation of KA oil (see KA oil, this chapter) to adipic acid using nitric acid as the oxidant. 

Perhaps the best known oxide of nitrogen is N20, commonly called nitrous oxide or laughing gas. Nitrous oxide is frequently used as an anesthetic, particularly in dentistry. It is also the propellant gas used in whipped cream containers N20 is nontoxic, virtually tasteless, and quite soluble in vegetable oils. The N20 molecule, like all those in Figure 21.6, can be represented as a resonance hybrid. 

Procedure (ii). Make certain that the instrument is fitted with the correct burner for an acetylene-nitrous oxide flame, then set the instrument up with the calcium hollow cathode lamp, select the resonance line of wavelength 422.7 nm, and adjust the gas controls as specified in the instrument manual to give a fuel-rich flame. Take measurements with the blank, and the standard solutions, and with the test solution, all of which contain the ionisation buffer the need, mentioned under procedure (i), for adequate treatment with de-ionised water after each measurement applies with equal force in this case. Plot the calibration graph and ascertain the concentration of the unknown solution. 

The stratosphere contains, however, only small amounts--a few tenths of a ppb-of chlorine free radicals of natural origin. They are produced by the decomposition of methyl chloride, CH3Q. The nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) are more abundant and are produced in the stratosphere by the decomposition of nitrous oxide, N2O. Both CH3CI and N2O are of biological origin these compounds, released at the Earth s surface, are sufficiently stable to reach the stratosphere in significant amounts. 

Efforts to identify the specific compounds responsible for the psychotropic effects of volatile solvents are complicated by the fact that many of these products contain more than one potentially psychoactive ingredient. Another factor obscuring the identity of the psychoactive ingredients of these agents is that patients addicted to these compounds frequendy seek the effects not of the product s primary ingredient but of a secondary ingredient such as the propellant gas (e.g., nitrous oxide). To date, the best-studied psychoactive compounds identified in volatile solvents include toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethylene. However, other less well studied compounds, such as benzene, acetone, and methanol, also appear to have significant psychoactive effects. 

---