Constant voltage scaling

Constant conduction heat pipes, 13 227 Constant failure rate, 13 167 Constant-field scaling, of FETs, 22 253, 254 Constant-modulus alloys, 17 101 Constant of proportionality, 14 237 Constant pressure heat capacity, 24 656 Constant rate drying, 9 103-105 Constant rate period, 9 97 23 66-67 Constant retard ratio (CRR) mode, 24 103 Constant slope condition, 24 136-137 Constant stress test, 13 472 19 583 Constant-voltage scaling, of FETs, 22 253 Constant volume heat capacity, 24 656 Constant volume sampling system (CVS), 10 33... 

TABLE 8.2 Effect of Full Scaling and Constant Voltage Scaling on 1C Device Parameters... 

After the recorder stabilizes to a perfectly horizontal trace, adjust it to a full scale (100%) reading using the variable output voltage divider which is part of the constant voltage source. Full scale on the recorder now corresponds to an oxygen concentration of 237 nmoles/ml. 

Figure 5.3 Oscillations of the overvoltage at constant current density t = - 65 pA cm on a quasiperfect cubic face of silver in the standard system Ag (100)/AgNO3 [5.6-5.9]. Tune scale 2 s div voltage scale 5 mV div. The product of the current density and the period of oscillations gives an amount of electricity equal to 9mon ...

For most applications, an alternative is employed. Recall that, in measuring the resistance of a thermistor, a fixed resistor is normally connected in series with the sensor. If a constant-voltage source ( s) is used, the circuit current is inversely proportional to the total resistance. Then the relationship between the measured voltage drop across the fixed resistor and the thermistor temperature can be almost linear over a range of temperature. The linear part of this curve can be shifted along the temperature scale by changing the value of the fixed resistor. 

The steps used to produce an anodized surface on titanium adherends are similar to those used for aluminum adherends. Initially, the adherend must be degreased to remove organic contaminants. This is followed by an acid etch to remove the oxide scale. The anodization (if used) is done at constant voltage and the adherend is rinsed and dried. The details of the procedure are presented in Tables 4 and 5. Oxide morphologies resulting from the CAA, SHA, and AP processes are presented below. 

A critical issue in scaling up a process is the uniformity in deposition rate and material quality. In general, once the deposition rate is constant within 5% over the whole substrate area, the material properties also do not vary much. After fine-tuning the power and gas flow rates, operators still may face in homogeneity issues. These can be caused by local changes in temperature, RF voltage, and gas composition, due to various causes. As an example, it has been reported that improper attachment of the substrate to the grounded electrode results in a local decrease of the deposition rate [150, 151]. 

The frequency effects are studied in the cylindrical geometry (R = 0.08 m, L = 0.027 m) at a constant power of 25 W, which corresponds to a volume power density 46 mW cm . The pressure is 120 mTorr with 45% SiHa and 55% H2. It is found that the RF voltage at this power scales with the frequency as Vrfv p = C, with C a constant. Because the induced displacement current increases with the... 

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