Constant of equilibrium

The constant of equilibrium of the whole reaction may be formulated as product of the constants of elementary steps, because the same heat and entropy of formation is expected for every single step. 

The value of constant Xyg is determined in the following manner (Stolper, 1982). The constant of equilibrium 9.78 is given by the activity ratio... 

In handling experimental results the constant of equilibrium (364) was calculated on the basis of the literature data (136) substantiated by the measurements made by the authors (135). 

Thus, if the macromolecule forms only one loop around the particle, then the quantity of the bonds of the particle with the macromolecule is proportional to the length of the particle s circumference, and the correspondent constant of equilibrium of the association-dissociation depends on the radius of particles in accordance with... 

The constant of equilibrium 22 may be calculated by several methods. A competitive method was used211 to evalute the equilibrium constant in the formation of cyanohydrin anions of substituted benzaldehydes in DMSO (equilibrium 24). 

Experimental data on the rate constants of equilibrium 16 and the intramolecular reaction of CysS radicals with amino acids are rather sparse. An intramolecular H-transfer reaction between CysS radicals and the N-terminal y-glutamic acid was quantified for glutathione (j- Glu-Cys-Gly). ... 

Extensive experimental material for testing the anticipated effects is to be found in the dissociation constants of organic acids. It must be observed, however, that the dissociation constant as a constant of equilibrium is only to be regarded as a measure of the frequency... 

This formula shows clearly the influence of the equation of state on the position of chemical equilibrium we shall work out an example later in this chapter. We note that the parameter K, which is a pseudo-constant of equilibrium, is a function not only of T and p, but also of the mole fractions of the various components. 

Both techniques converge to the same result, but the symmetry number method, though less intuitive, is easier to handle and we will limit our discussion to this technique. According to Benson (1976), the symmetry number cr of a molecule affects its rotational entropy by a factor —i ln(cr). Consequently, the statistical contribution to the stability constant of equilibrium (79) is given by the ratio of the symmetry numbers of the reactants and products (Eq. (82)). 

Equilibrium constants play an important role in establishing the direction and rate of spontaneous reactions of the grormd water composition formation. In this connection quite urgent is the task of their determination in specific conditions for different chemical reactions. In practice, hydrogeo-chemical studies used thermodynamic, concentration and tentative constants of equilibrium. 

In the final analysis the conditional constant of equilibrium may be expressed through concentration or even thermodynamic constant in equation... 

In order to determine the direction of the reaction it is necessary to compare two values the product of its components activities in the solution and standard constant of equilibrium. At the salinity that low, activities coefficients may be assumed equal to 1. Then the product of activities for this task may be determined as the product of concentrations from equation... 

At pH < 9 and in the absence of CO contents of CaOH" and CaHCO " negligibly low, and value may be assumed equal to 1. For the determination of the distribution function co - we will utilize constant of equilibrium between carbonate ions. At low solubility, activity values may be replaced with concentrations ... 

Isotopic fractionating reflects the tendency of the system to the minimum of free enthalpy and also is controlled by the constants of equilibrium, which, however, has a much more complex nature than in the case of chemical reactions. 

According to the data from the preceding sections the constants of equilibrium between isomeric carbenium ions and the rates of their rearrangements are weakly sensitive to changes in the character of the acid medium. Therefore, the only parameter greatly changing the value of AG with changing medium acidity is the protonation of the parent compound (8J. The discussion will be confined to isomerization under complete protonation of parent compounds (8, = 1). 

Kjis a pseudo-constant of equilibrium. The rate of reaction is therefore finally written ... 

The electronic isotope effect on the equilibrium constant of equilibrium (1) is then calculated as... 

By introducing the constant of equilibrium Ka, which represents the ratio between the kinetic constants of adsorption and desorption, in Equation 2, we have Equation 3. 

It is a matter of interpretation whether one follows the Gibbs picture with miscibility gaps or the ASYNNNI model based on the CVM method and discussed in sect. 5.2. The first was followed by Beyers and Shaw (1989), and the results of the lattice constants of equilibrium samples seem to support it. The ASYNNNI model is nearer to the ideas of von Zimmermann et al. Much more work (with many more stoichiometric compositions) is necessary to find out whether there are miscibility gaps between ortho-V, ortho-VIII and 3 o- Also, the single-phase character of the ortho-V and ortho-VIII phases should possibly be better supported. 

Since V, is proportional to a thermodynamic constant of equilibrium, it varies with the temperature according to... 

Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants of Equilibrium Bimolecular Reactions... 

Assuming a concentration of H2O and Fe203 equal one, the constant of equilibrium K of reaction (13.12) can be written as... 

Similarly, we can define the constant of equilibrium between the SShlP and the CIP species, usually referred to as Ke, as follows... 

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