Constant field strength

Here / is induced current, U is pipeline potential, and x is the position coordinate. With the locally constant field strength, E, it follows from Eqs. (23-5) and (23-6) ... 

Experimentally the sample is placed in a strong magnetic field and, rather than the frequency being scanned at a constant field strength to detect absorption of radiation, in practice the frequency of exciting radiation is kept constant and the magnetic field flux is varied. Both ESR and NMR spectroscopy have found widespread application in polymer studies and several excellent texts describing the techniques are available (1,17-19). 

Absorption of various RFs occurs at a constant field strength. Absorption of a particular RF occurs at various field strengths. The traditional NMR spectrum is a plot of the latter—absorption vs. field strength. 

Moreover, in agreement with the given relationships, the photoconductive gain G increases considerably with decreasing electrode spacing at constant field strength and layer thickness (cf. Table 1 50>). 

We will illustrate the proof of equation (13.5) as an example of the application of conventional thermodynamics to this problem. Let C be the heat capacity of a magnetic system at constant field strength, M be the magnetization, and Xt = (dM/dW)T be the magnetic susceptibility. From Table 13.2 we can see that just below the critical temperature ... 

The standard NMR experiment for a dipolar nucleus like P involves subjecting the probe to an external magnetic field with constant field strength and variable radiofrequency v. In such a field, the phosphorus nuclei can either align themselves parallel or antiparallel to the external field. This can be represented as N or N (see Fig. 1.1). The nuclear magnetic moment // is directly proportional to the spin I of the nucleus. 

Electrons in Alqs the layer-thickness dependence of the current density (Figs. 8.59 and 8.60) is j a dr at a high and constant field strength. It follows from this that the contact is Ohmic and the current is space-charge limited and not limited by the contact. This is the basic condition for the model of space-charge-limited currents. The j(V) characteristics for a film thickness ofd = 294 nm (Fig. 8.28) and the corresponding characteristics for smaller thicknesses are determined by energy-... 

Fig. 21.3 Form of the electric potential ip in a uniform current carrying conductor of the length /. The end on the right is grounded so that q> l) = 0, while ip(0) is positive. A uniform potential gradient from left to right is formed, meaning an electric field with constant field strength Eq.

The constant field strength is the reason for the potential independence of the corrosion current. 

The relative intensities of resonance are proportional to the relative numbers of nuclei producing them. Comparatively large samples are, however, needed to study P resonance because of the rather low sensitivity of the element to magnetic fields (Table 14.9). The relative sensitivity for equal numbers of atomic nuclei at constant field strength is... 

Fig. 1. Principle of zone electrophoresis. The sample (S) is applied to a separation column filled with a single electrolyte. When electrical potential is applied, the constant field strength E is established through the system. From Eq. (2) it follows that the velocity v of an ion placed in this system is proportional to its net mobility ji. Consequently, the ion A with a high net mobility is separated from the ion B with a low net mobility. (E is constant. Since then Va>Vb.)...

Fig. 6.14. Inverse piezo effect in polarized ceramics. Voltage V is applied in the direction of polarization P. a Longitudinal effect, b transversal effect (cp stiffness of the piezo material for constant field strength E)...

To express the chemical shift for a sample nucleus relative to TMS in quantitative terms when measurements are made at a constant field strength Bq, we apply Equation 19-14 to the sample and the TMS resonances to obtain... 

For the subsequent classification of the appearing constants, their determination by means of a test specimen should be kept in mind. The mechanical conditions of constant strain, satisfied by clamped configurations, are designated by ( ) and those of constant stress, satisfied by free boimdaries, by ( ) . The electrostatic conditions of constant field strength, satisfied with short circuited electrodes, are designated by ( )- and those of constant flux density, satisfied with open circuited electrodes, by (). The constants of the matrices e and d thus stand, respectively, for induced stress and strain, whereas the constants of the matrices h and g represent, respectively, sensed stress and strain. While the constitutive matrices of Eqs. (4.10a) and (4.10b) may be converted into one another by complete inversion, the sub-matrices within each line can be transformed as given below ... 

At steady state, the potential-independent corrosion current is totally supported by a constant field strength in the film, i.e., a film thickness / proportional to E - E ). The conservative flux of cations Fe(III) across the interface requires a potential-independent voltage drop at the film-electrolyte junction. 

At a constant field strength, the distinct types of protons in a molecule precess at slightly different frequencies. Rather than changing the frequency of the RF oscillator to allow each of the... 

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