Conservation intervention

In cases of bleeding which cannot be stopped endoscop-ically or conservatively, interventional radiology is indicated before any surgical measures can be taken. Exact localization of the source of bleeding is absolutely essential. 

Conservation is an interdisciplinary field that needs to take into account such disciplines as the humanities, the arts, the sciences and technology, and crafts. Although the actual conservation intervention is, or should be, carried out by trained conservators, the degree of that intervention cannot be decided by the conservator alone. The reason for this is that conservation is not merely a technical operation on a cultural object. Rather, it is a cultural operation carried out by technical means. 

Thus, when a conservation intervention is being planned on an object, it is important that as much information as possible about that object be available to the conservator. For example, this includes the anamnesis of the object, i.e. its history, starting with its provenance, its historical context, including the available technology and materials available at the time the particular object was created, its subsequent use, and the conditions under which it was kept there. 

Any conservation intervention needs to follow a logical procedure. This starts with the visual assessment and the compilation of all the relevant historical... 

Conservation treatments can be divided broadly into four main categories cleaning, desalination, consolidation and disinfestations. Within each of these categories there can be several sub-categories for the different cases and different materials that have to be addressed, such as the de-acidification of paper. The following is an attempt to give a broad picture of the aim of these treatments and the problems that need to be considered. Three principles should guide any conservation intervention ... 

This chapter will first present the options which are widely used today for slowing the rate of degradation of plastics (inhihitive conservation) and then those for invasively stabilizing and strengthening them (interventive conservation). Interventive treatments are used hy private dealers, collectors and art insurance companies to maintain the commercial value and original appearance of plastics artworks. Some interventive treatments are considered restoration rather than conservation. 

An important theme to this review is that people respond to food crises differently. We can still, however, achieve a reasonable degree of predictability by segmenting them into somewhat homogeneous groups based—not on demographics—but on a person s risk perceptions and risk attitude. For every crisis there will be accountable, concerned, conservative, and alarmist segments of consumers. Knowing their relative size will enable us to better predict the effectiveness of different interventions. 

Environmental inflows/outflows, in life cycle assessment, 74 809-810 Environmental interactions, test temperature and, 73 487-488 Environmental interventions, in life cycle assessment, 74 820 Environmental issues. See also Environmental concerns concerning phosphoric acids and phosphates, 73 861 electric furnaces, 72 314 emulsion-related, 70 128 ethylene glycol, 72 653-655 with fermentation, 77 49 in fine art examination/conservation, 77 407 108... 

For mild to moderate anxiety, we recommend the conservative approach of beginning with CBT and including medication if CBT is ineffective or only partially effective. However, severe anxiety that involves duress, prominent avoidance behavior, physiological symptoms, or marked impairment, requires a combination of CBT and medication as an initial intervention. Furthermore, children and families with low motivation (i.e., those unlikely to participate in CBT assignments) or having a poor subjective sense of anxiety may require medication treatment as one of the initial interventions. 

Subsequently, based on this fundamental knowledge, it is further helpful to define, develop, and evaluate conservation concepts, materials, measures, methods, and techniques of intervention (Scheme 1.2). Analytical control of the intervention... 

The desire for a sustainable development in chemistry lays the foundation for environmentally benign processes. From the view point of organic chemistry, the construction of carbon skeletons plays the pivotal role. The extraordinarily mild reaction conditions in addition to the non-toxic and non-bumable properties and ubiquitous availability of water as the reaction medium make enzyme-catalyzed C-C-bond formation the first choice even for industrial production. Thanks to subtle selectivity features of the corresponding enzymes a rather broad range in substrate specificity meets with a highly conserved stereospecificity at the newly connected carbon centers. In addition, these features and the availability of the respective biocatalysts are open to intervention by recombinant genetechnological techniques. 

Indications for surgical intervention include regurgitation with NYHA lll-IV symptoms or NHYA >11 with atrial fibrillation refractory to conservative treatment. Several surgical techniques are effective, The Alfieri stitch or edge to edge technique is of interest because one of the percutaneous mitral valve repair techniques is based on an equivalent principle (29,30). Currently two methods for transcatheter mitral valve repair are investigated in clinical trials ... 

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