Conjugation, bacterial

Other types of pili are also well-known.53 F pili or conjugative pili are essential for sexual transfer of DNA between bacterial cells (Chapter 26). F+ strains of E. coli form hollow pili of 8.5 nm diameter with a 2.0-nm central hole.58 59 Their 90-residue subunits apparently form rotationally symmetric pentamers which stack to form the pili.59 These pili are essential to establishing the initial contact between conjugating bacterial cells. 

Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate Bacterial polysaccharide conjugate For all children, asplenics, and others at risk... 

Flores, E. and Wblk, C.P. (1985) Identification of facultatively heterotrophic, N2-fixing cyanobacteria able to receive plasmid vectors from Escherichia coli by conjugation. /. Bacterial, 162 (3), 1339-1341. 

Sex factors Plasmids that specify gene products that enable bacteria to engage in conjugation (bacterial mating). 

Genetic material can be transferred horizontally between bacterial cells either as free DNA by transformation or as plasmid DNA via conjugational... 

Besides short ELPS, longer ELPs have also been conjugated to synthetic polymers. In one approach, Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry was applied. For this purpose, ELPs were functionalized with azides or alkynes via incorporation of azidohomoalanine and homopropargyl glycine, respectively, using residue-specific replacement of methionine in ELP via bacterial expression [133]. More recently, an alternative way to site-selectively introduce azides into ELPs was developed. Here, an aqueous diazotransfer reaction was performed directly onto ELP[V5L2G3-90] using imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide [134]. 

In the hver, bilirubin is made water-soluble by conjugation with two molecules of glucuronic acid and is secreted into the bile. The action of bacterial enzymes in the gut produces urobihnogen and urobihn, which are excreted in the feces and urine. 

Conjugation, discovered in 1946, is a natural process found in certain bacterial genera and involves the active passage of genetic material from one cell to another by means ofthe sexpili (p. 10). However, despite the resemblance of this process to the complete... 

Dekant W, Vamvakas S, Berthold K, et al. 1986c. Bacterial P-lyase mediated cleavage and mutagenicity of cysteine conjugates derived from the nephrocarcinogenic alkenes trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and hexachlorobutadiene. Chem Biol Interact 60 31-45. 

The PL-catechin conjugate showed greatly amplified concentration-dependent inhibition activity against bacterial collagenase (ChC) on the basis of the catechin unit, which is considered to be due to effective multivalent interaction between ChC and the catechin unit in the conjugate. The kinetic study suggests that this conjugate is a mixed-type inhibitor for ChC. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid and is often involved in a number... 

S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae type b dramatically. Prior to the availability of Hib conjugate vaccines, Hib meningitis or other invasive disease was documented in 1 in 200 children by the age of 5 years.5 Widespread use of the Hib vaccine has reduced the incidence of invasive Hib disease by 99% and has shifted the age distribution of bacterial meningitis to older age groups (from 15 months in 1986 to 25 years in 1995).1,6 Recent data indicate that routine use of the 7-valent... 

Prior to the introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine, H. influenzae type b was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the United States.5 Routine inoculation of pediatric patients against Hib since 1991 has reduced the incidence of invasive Hib disease (i.e., meningitis and sepsis) in children younger than 5 years of age by 99%,6 with mortality from Hib... 

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