Cones sleeves

Directional control valves may be classified in several ways. Some of the different ways are by the type of control, the number of ports in the valve housing, and the specific function that the valve performs. The most common method is by the type of valving element used in the construction of the valve. The most common types of valving elements are the ball, cone, sleeve, poppet, rotary spool, and sliding spool. The basic operating principles of the poppet, rotary spool, and sliding spool types are discussed in this text. 

Cone sleeves are made from a laminate of aluminium foil and paper. The top of the sleeve is crimped down over a cardboard disc to form a lid after product assembly is completed. Tubes are made from cardboard coated on both sides with polyethylene. The base is heat-sealed to make it leak-proof and the top is rolled to make a rim, onto which the lid is heat-sealed. Plastic tubs and containers are used for ice cream and... 

Figure 5.16 Examples of common types of ice cream packaging (a) flow wrap, (b) a cone sleeve and a tube, (c) tubs and (d) a dessert container...

The male fitting has a cone-shaped surface with the same angle as the inside of the flare. The sleeve supports the tube so vibration does not concentrate at the edge of the flare and distributes the shearing action over a wider area for added strength. 

Since a large part of the beer market is take-home beer, brewers must provide retailers with packs that are easily handled and stored. Clear shrink wrapping has become a dominant feature because it permits the content of the pack to be seen. Other packaging methods are Shrink Wrapped 2 dozen Tray Pack, Cardboard Sleeve, Hi Cone 3 Pack, Hi Cone 6 Pack in Tray, and Top Clip Botde Pack (see Packaging MATERIALS). 

The glass sleeve A can be raised or lowered in the cone. a,so4 and the pressure in the combustion tube altered thereby. With a head of 5—7 cms. of HgSO and proper adjustment of the packing plug in the combustion tube, air ought to pass through the apparatus at the rate of 3—4 c.cs. per... 

Fig. 3.1 A conical electrical leadthrough. (After P. W. Bridgman (a) a pyrophyllite (pipe-stone) or plastic sleeve, (b) solder, and (c) an insulated electrical wire. The dimensions are in millimetres. The cone is made of either steel or hardened beryllium-copper. It is set into the plug under a force of 2-3 kN. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 74, 11 (1940).)...

Couverture is 3. The cone is filled 4. Toppings and sauces sprayed inside to with ice cream are added, and a lid is form a moisture sealed on top of the sleeve... 

Teflon -Teflon hose -Cone shaped sleeve -0-ring... 

The NGI cone, which has a maximum load capacity of 120 kN, has a sensitivity of 10 N. The overall accuracy is 0.1% of full range, provided careful temperature compensation and calibration are established. Sleeve friction recordings from the CPT have been of relatively little practical use in the North Sea. 

This device consists of the penetrometer cone (tip) connected to an inner set of rods (Figure 4.13). To use this device, the tip is advanced approximately 40 mm, which gives the cone resistance. With additional penetration, the tip engages the friction sleeve (Figure 4.13). The force measured is the sum of the vertical force on the cone and sleeve subtracting the force on the cone gives the sleeve friction resistance (ASTM D3441). 

Mechanical friction cone penetrometer, (a) Cone and friction sleeve retracted, (b) Cone in extended position, (c) Cone and friction sleeve both advanced. (From De Ruiter, J., /. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 97, 457-472, 1971. Reprinted with permission of ASCE.)... 

The electrical conductivity of a sediment depends on the soil type, porosity, water content, and pore water composition. Devices to measure conductivity have been combined with a standard electrical cone to give measurements of cone tip resistance, sleeve friction, and friction ratio (ratio of these two). 

In CPT, a rod-shaped, 35.7 mm diameter (10 cm cross section) cone with 60° apex is either mechanically, or hydraulically pushed into the soil at a constant penetration rate, usually 2 cm/sec. The penetration resistance of the cone (cone bearing), as well as the shaft friction resistance along a 150 cm friction sleeve, placed just behind the cone, are continuously measured by a load cell and a strain gauge, respectively, and the results are processed and plotted automatically. An inclinometer incorporated into the cone tip assembly continuously monitors the deviations of the CPT tip from the vertical. Details of the test is described in detail in Chapter 4. The penetration resistance is affected by the particle size, relative density, gradation, compressibility, degree of saturation, and organic/ carbonate content of the soil, as well as the shape and the compressive strength of the soil particles (Broms and Foldin, 1988). 

Zuidberg, H.M., Schaap, L.H.J., and Beringen, F.L. 1982. A penetrometer for simultaneously measuring of cone resistance, sleeve friction and d5mamic pore pressure. In Penetration Testing, Verruijt, A., Beringen, F.L., and de Leeuw, E.H., eds., A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 963-970. 

Abstract Pintle injectors have been developed for applications in rocket propulsion, but could potentially have high flowrate in other applications due to their relative simplicity. The spray from a pintle injector is formed from the collision of radial jets of fluid issuing from the center of the pintle post with an annular sleeve of fluid travelling axially along the post. The resultant interactions produce a conical spray similar to a hollow cone swirl atomizer. This chapter reviews historical applications of pintle injectors and theoretical bases for their design. 

The shield 76 comprises a plurality of tanks formed by spaced inner and outer walls 129 and 130 and intermediate wall or partition 131. A sleeve 132 in the form of a truncated cone surrounds each of the sleeves 125... 

In the piezocone, a cone penetrometer is combined with a piezometer, the latter being located between the cone and the friction sleeve. The pore water pressure is measured by the piezometer at the same time as the cone resistance, and sleeve friction is recorded. Because of the limited thickness of the piezometer (the filter is around 5 mm), much thinner layers can be determined with greater accuracy than with a conventional cone penetrometer. If the piezocone is kept at a given depth so that the pore water pressure can dissipate with time, then this allows assessment of the in situ permeability and consolidation characteristics of the soil to be made (Sills and Hird, 2005). 

CPT soundings are one of the most versatile and widely used in situ tests. The standard CPT cone consists of a 1.4-in.-diameter cone with an apex angle of 60°, although other cone sizes are available for special apph-cations (Figure 7.3a). The cone tip resistance beneath the 10 cm cone tip and the friction along the 150 cm friction sleeve are measured with strain gauges and recorded electronically at 1- or 2-cm intervals as the cone is advanced into the ground at a rate of about 2 cm/s. In addition to the tip and sleeve resistances, many cones also are instrumented to record pore water pressure or other parameters as the cone is advanced. 

Because CPT soundings provide continuous records of tip and sleeve resistances (and frequently pore pressure) versus depth (Figure 7.4), they provide a continuous indicator of soil and subsurface conditions, which is useful in defining soil stratification. Numerous correlations between the CPT measurements have been developed to define soil type and soil classification. In addition, empirical correlations have been published to relate the cone tip and sleeve friction resistances to engineering behavior, including undrained shear strength of clay soils and relative density and friction of granular soils. 

The tube is separated from the discard by means of a shearing mandrel. This tool consists of a longitudinally slit sleeve, as shown in Fig. 102, which is swung about an axle at the frame into the center of the press and embraces the mandrel. The swivel arm of the sleeve is axially movable on its axle and follows the ram motion. The shearing mandrel, whose diameter is only slightly smaller than the outside diameter of the tube and which is centered in the inside diameter of the tube by a cone, having pierced through the discard, the tube drops off. 

Figure 7.12 Example of filtered average values of the cone resistance and sleeve friction before and after vibratory compaction of a hydraulic fill (Massarsch et al, 2002).

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