Condensers inlet water

The condenser design, surface area, and condenser cooling water quantity should be based on the highest cooling water temperature likely to be encountered, if the inlet cooling water temperature becomes hotter then the design, the primaiy booster (ejector) may cease functioning because of the increase in condenser pressure. 

Condenser water temperature. In comparison with other vapor-compression systems, steam-jet machines require relatively large water quantities for condensation. The higher the inlet-water temperature, the higher are the water requirements (Fig, 11-107),... 

The condensing water temperature has an important effect on steam rate per refrigeration effecd, rapidly decreasing with colder condenser cooling water. Figure 11-108 presents data on steam rate versus condenser water inlet for given chiUed-water outlet temperatures and steam pressure. 

Specimen Location Main condenser near inlet water box... 

Exit Air err Non-Condensables, temperature to be 5°F higher than inlet water temperature to barometric. 

Where water is used as a cooling medium for compressor and ancillary equipment it should be within the temperature and pressure levels prescribed by the compressor supplier and should be free from harmful impurities. The cooling water should have a low inlet temperature in order to assist in achieving a high volumetric efficiency in the compressor and to cool the air passing through the aftercooler to a temperature adequate for effective condensation of water vapor. 

In a 250-ml. round-bottomed flask equipped with a gas-inlet tube and reflux condenser 20 g. (0.094 mole) of N.N -diphenyl-ethylenediamine (1,2-dianilinoethane) (Note 1) and 100 ml. of purified triethyl orthoformate (Note 2) are heated by an oil bath under nitrogen (Note 3) for 5 hours. The oil bath is maintained between 190° and 200°, and water is allowed to stand in the condenser. The water in the condenser begins to boil slowly, and the alcohol which is produced is allowed to escape (Note 4). The reaction product which crystallizes during the reaction is filtered after cooling and washed with ether. There is obtained 19-20 g. (91 95%) of product, m.p. 285° (dec.) (Note 5). 

Note To avoid condensation, the minimum inlet water temperature to bearing housings should be above the ambient air temperature. 

This system is designed to clean the freeze-drying chamber and condenser with water for injection. Spraying with WFI at an inlet temperature of (provide value) °C effects cleaning of the chamber. There are jet rods installed in the drying chamber and the pathway to the condenser. The position of these rods as well as the distribution of the spray jets provides good coverage all over the interior surfaces of the chamber with WFI. The jet rods are equipped with full cone and flat jet nozzles. 

I now observed that the surface condenser cooling-water outlet temperature had increased from 100 to 135°F. This is a sign of loss of cooling-water flow. As none of the other water coolers in the plant had been affected, I concluded that the cooling-water inlet to my surface condenser was partly plugged. 

Surface condenser problems. These include undersized surface condenser area, water-side fouling, lack of water flow, condensate backup, and excessive cooling-water inlet temperature. To determine whether a poor vacuum in a surface condenser is due to such heat-transfer problems, plot the same point on the chart shown in Fig. 18.4. If this point is on or slightly below the curve, it is poor heat transfer in the surface condenser itself that is hurting the vacuum. 

Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the packed bed cell and the flow circuit utilized for the treatment of human wastes (1) reservoir (2) pump (3) valve (4) flow meter (5) anode current collector (6) packed bed anode (7) cathode (8) water condenser (9) water inlet (10) water outlet and (11) outlet for gases. (From Ref. 57.)...

Water flows through a 2.5-cm-ID pipe 1.5 m long at a rate of 1.0 kg/s. The pressure drop is 7 kPa through the 1.5-m length. The pipe wall temperature is maintained at a constant temperature of 50°C by a condensing vapor, and the inlet water temperature is 20°C. Estimate the exit water temperature. 

Suppose the inlet water temperature in the exchanger of Prob. 10-25 is raised to 30°C. What percentage increase in flow rate would be necessary to maintain the same rate of condensation ... 

Rework Prob. 10-66 for a 10 by 10 array of tubes. If the length of tubes is reduced by half, what reduction in condensate results for the same inlet water temperature (The exit water temperature is not the same.)... 

Test data were obtained on a vertical condenser-subcooler for a pure component. Compare the observed heat-transfer coefficient to that expected, and calculate the apparent fouling coefficient. Data were obtained in late autumn and the water flow was cocurrent with the process flow in order to minimize the amount of subcooling. Design inlet water temperature was 30°C (86°F). 

Figure 27.1 Batch-type reactor for pyrolysis of waste plastic [1]. 1 uncondensed gas 2 water outlet for condenser 3 water inlet for condenser 4 thermal fluid inlet for condenser 5 thermal fluid outlet for condenser 6 lighter liquid hydrocarbons 7 liquid hydrocarbons 8 agitator...

Modern condensers have plastic adapters, which can be attached to the tubing and then screwed on the threaded inlet and outlet pipes. Slide the rubber tubing onto the moistened pipe on the adapter, and then screw the adapter onto the condenser. You must ensure that the adapter has a rubber gasket on the inside of the threaded portion (Fig. 16.3), otherwise it will leak water at the condenser inlet or outlet. 

Hydrocarbon vapor is being condensed, using water in the tube side of a 1-2 exchanger, with no temperature cross (Fig. 2). The condensing curve is broken into three zones. In each zone, the temperature differences for the hot side and cold side are calculated, as can be seen in the table. Ibmperatures and heat duties can be read directly fi om Fig. 2. Notice, however, in the table that for the cold side, the inlet and outlet temperatures (85° and 115°F, respectively) are used for each zone. In multiple-tube-passes situations, this approximation provides a sufidciently good approach-temperature reading. 

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