CONCORD evaluation

TABLE 13.7. Concordance Evaluation of Key Events of 4-Aminobiphenyl-lnduced Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis between Species... 

M. Ramanathan and W. E. Vedey, Evaluation, Design and Startup of an Innovative and Cost-effective Wastewater Treatment Plant at Concord, New Hampshire, paper presented at the 36th Annual Meeting, Virginia Water Pollution Control Association, Inc., Charlottesville, Va., 1982. 

Results. Table 7.1 summarizes the results of the evaluation study obtained for CONCORD and CORINA. None of the programs crashed or produced any stereo errors. CORINA had a conversion rate close to 100%, whereas CONCORD converted only 91%. However, CONCORD was faster than CORINA with an average... 

Figure 1. Schematic diagram showing a TRU-spec extraction chromatography method for separation of uranium, thorium, protactinium, and radium from a single rock aliquot. Further purification for each element is normally necessary for mass spectrometric analysis. Analysis of a single aliquot reduces sample size requirements and facilitates evaluation of uranium-series dating concordance for volcanic rocks and carbonates. For TIMS work where ionization is negatively influenced by the presence of residual extractant, inert beads are used to help remove dissolved extractant from the eluant.

Nonhuman primates are often the nonrodent species of choice for safety assessment studies. There are over 500 species of nonhuman primates that differ widely from each other in size and physical characteristics. Most of the monkeys used in experimental research belong to the suborder Anthropoidea and especially to the superfamilies of Ceboidea (marmoset, squirrel monkey) and Cercopitcoidea (macaque, papio species, rhesus). These have been popular because of (1) assumed better concordance of effects seen to those in man and (2) smaller weights (and therefore reduced compound requirement). However, predominant factors leading to a decision whether or not to select primates as the nonrodent species for safety evaluation are summarized as follows (Hobson, 2000). 

The bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae represents probably the currently best researched and understood eukaryotic organism. Most of its genes have been knocked out for functional studies, and hence a vast variety of mutant strains as well as tools for their manipulation are available. This in concordance with short generation times and a growth medium that is comparable in cost and complexity to bacterial media has made the yeast system a frequent choice for the evaluation of transmembrane carriers. 

Degree of concordance between site evaluation of events and centralised review ... 

If a study has negative findings, it should be carefully evaluated with respect to, for example, the power of the study, its concordance or discordance with other related studies, and differences or similarities in study design or end-points with related studies. Results of different studies can be evaluated by comparing statistical confidence intervals. Studies with lower power will tend to yield wider confidence intervals the magnitude of the risks must be considered. Studies with similar risks are important even if statistical significance is not present in all studies. 

De rechercher et de mettre au point de meilleurs marqueurs (molEculaires) des effets toxiques sur la reproduction et le dEveloppement. Ceux qui pourraient Etre concordants chez l Homme et l animal seraient particuliErement utiles et faciliteraient l Evalua-tion des donnEes animates en vue de leur utilisation pour Evaluer le risque chez l Homme. 

Allred, D. C., Bustamante, M. A., Daniel, C. O., Gaskill, H. V., and Cruz, A. B. 1990. Immunocytochemical analysis of estrogen receptors in human breast carcinomas. Evaluation of 130 cases and a review of the literature regarding concordance with the biochemical assay and clinical relevance. Arch. Surg. 725 107-134. 

Dybdal N, Leiberman G, Anderson S, et al. Determination of HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and concordance with the clinical trials immunohistochemical assay in women with metastatic breast cancer evaluated for treatment with trastuzumab. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2005 93 3-11. 

VALIDATION The process by which the consistency of a particular test is determined the concordance of results of a test in question and previously established tests for a representative sample of chemicals is evaluated. 

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