Concept and Realization

The beneficial effect of CF on the flexural strength of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)/GF composites was shown by Jang and Lee. They examined the changes in the flexural strength and modulus as a function of the GF/CF ratio in isotropic specimens. It was found that the CF content was directly proportional to both flexural strength and modulus. 

Failure modes were examined by Sohn and Hu in the case of continuous CF/EP composites. The delamination strength increased by more than 100% when AF (15 wt.%) was added, but the compressive strength decreased. 

Hybrid fiber composites do not only have favorable effects when considering mechanical properties. Friedrich and Jacobs examined the friction properties of GF-, CF-, and AF-reinforced EP, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyamide (PA) matrix composites toward steel. The AF/CF hybrid composites showed the best wear resistance. 

Only in the second half of the 1990s, reports appeared in the literature describing hybrid composites containing other reinforcements than the traditional fibers (GF, CF, AF). The reason behind this fact was that natural fibers gained attention due to environmental concerns. Kalaprasad et al examined sisal/GF hybrid fiber/LDPE matrix composites at various fiber orientations. Benevolenski et alf investigated the impact properties of flax/glass/PP matrix hybrid composites produced by hot compression molding technique from a needle-felted preform. 

This felt contained all components of the composite (i.e., matrix and reinforcement) in short fiber form. It was found that even a relatively small amount of GF (45 wt.% flax, 5 wt.% glass) resulted in a significant improvement in the dynamic impact properties. If the GF content was 20 wt.% and flax 30 wt.%, a twofold increase in the impact resistance was observed. 

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Brabec, C.J. Dyakonov, V. Parisi, J. Sariciftci, N.S., Eds. Organic Photovoltaics. Concepts and Realization Springer Berlin, 2003. 

To demonstrate the conception and realization of the Process Data Warehouse, we will describe how a concrete application scenario is supported by the experience reuse functionality of the PDW. The scenario of designing and analyzing the compounding extruder by one-dimensional simulation is part of the complete scenario described in Subsect. 1.2.2. 

Brabec CJ, Dyakonov V, Paris J, Sariciftci NS (eds) (2003) Organic photovoltaics concepts and realization, vol 60. Springer, Berlin... 

C. Brahec, V. Dyakonov, J. Parisi, and N.S. Sariciftci, Organic Photovoltaics Concepts and Realization, Springer, Germany, 2003. 

Kessler, C. (1991) The digoxigenin anti-digoxigenin (DIG) technology—A survey on the concept and realization of a novel bioanalytical indicator system. Mol. Cell. Probes 5,161-205. 

During the concept and realization phase, requirements are derived from the collected use-cases and business as well as administration services are formulated. A functional architecture of the SE environment is to be defined, in which supporting services are considered. The methods of the different disciplines involved are to be aligned in order to take a higher benefit of SE. Thus, the concept considers not only the necessary software, but also the methodological way of working. 

Depending on the SE architecture that has been defined, adjustment of the IT architecture might be necessary, e.g. additional leased lines could be necessary to guarantee some business services, especially when it comes to providing the extended enterprise with internal workflows. Further tasks after the concept and realization phase are the SE implementation and the test and rollout of the solution. 

Piehonat, T. Study, conception and realization of a miniature fiiel cell for portable applications, Ph.D. Thesis, 2004 available athttp //tel.ccsd.cm-s.fr/tel-00010710. 

M. Yoshimura, Soft solution proeessing, concept and realization of direct fabrication of shaped ceramics (Nano-crystals, whiskers, films, and/or patterns) in solutions without post-firing. J. Mater. Sci, 41(5), 1299-1306, 2006. 

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