Concentration by weight

The drying rate is represented by differential equation (eq. 6) where h is mass transfer coefficient 1/(hcm ) , specific surface area of desiccant beads, cm /g mass of desiccant, g C, concentration by weight of water in the fluid being dried (7, concentration of water at the surface of the desiccant, ie, concentration of water in the fluid that would be in equihbrium with the instantaneous loading on the desiccant, wt-ppm and t — time, h. 

Calculate the mass or weight of chemical in the wastestream being treated by multiplying the concentration (by weight) of the chemical in the wastestream by the flow rate. In most cases, the percent removal compares the treated effluent to the influent for the particular type of wastestream. However, for some treatment methods, such as Incineration or solidification of wastewater, the percent removal of the chemical from the influent wastestream would be reported as 100 percent because the wastestream does not exist in a comparable form after treatment. Some of the treatments (e.g., fuel blending and evaporation) do not destroy, chemically convert, or physically remove the chemical from its wastestream. For these treatment methods, an efficiency of zero must be reported. 

Mg/L Milligrams per liter = ppm (parts per million) - expresses a measure of the concentration by weight of a substance per unit volume. 

Here c is the polymer concentration by weight. < the density of the polymer, a an effective bond length or measure of the coil dimensions, and to the monomeric friction factor. The subscript zero indicates the pure polymer. Since 2 (H), the mean-square end-to-end chain separation, the viscosity will be directly proportional to the polymer concentration unless the plasticizer modifies the coil swelling. At high molecular weight the monomeric friction factor is increased by the factor (MIMf)" and M, is increased relative to the undiluted polymer [equation (55)]. Thus... 

Figure 2. Exotherm curves for exposure of mixture of 10 weight percent MM and 1,6-hexanedioldiacrylate with concentrations (by weight) of added cosynergist to medium pressure mercury lamp through Pyrex (I = 14.1 mW...

Admixture Concentration (% by weight of Water- cement Cement content Drying shrinkage (%) at (day) ... 

In SEC the concentration by weight of polymer in the eluting solvent may be monitored continuously with a detector measuring refractive index, UV absorption, or infrared (IR) absorption [17]. The resulting chromatogram is therefore a weight distribution of the polymer as a function of retention volume, VR. 

The use of hydrogen peroxide as a mono-propellant of the cathergol type is based on the following thermochemical data for hydrogen peroxide of 86 and 100% concentration (by weight) (Wood [24], Table 66). 

Figure 5. Comparison of concentrations (by weight percent) between LA-ICP-MS and ICP-MS.

The most useful tool for the study of penetration is the electron microprobe, which was first used for this purpose by Cannon and Welling (14). They have shown the buildup of relatively thick layers of lead compounds around pellets exposed to exhaust originating from heavily leaded fuels. More recently, penetration profiles in pellets have been published for exhaust produced by fuels with lower amounts of lead. Figure 8 shows such a profile in a pellet exposed to exhaust with 0.5 g Pb/gal for 400 hr. Note, that at the exterior of the pellet, lead concentration (by weight) has... 

Fig. 19. The micelle concentration of PIOP-25 in water (P04-puffcr pH = 8) at 20 °C as function of the concentration by weight. The short dotted curve gives the monomer concentration Mo, the long dotted curve the 45° slope72)...

One alternative is to compare the results of the method with results from an established reference method. This approach assumes that the uncertainty of the reference method is known. Second, accuracy can be assessed by analyzing a sample with known concentrations (e.g., a certified reference material) and comparing the measured value with the true value as supplied with the material. If such certified reference material is not available, a blank sample matrix of interest can be spiked with a known concentration by weight or volume. After extraction of the analyte from the matrix and injection into the analytical instrument, its recovery can be determined by comparing the response of the extract with the response of the reference material dissolved in a pure solvent. Because this accuracy assessment measures the effectiveness of sample preparation, care should be taken to mimic the actual sample preparation as closely as possible. 

Table II. Average Concentrations (by Weight) of Some Elements in Bulk Sediment Samples from Hierakonpolis ...

The external standard was PCA-60, except as noted. LRMS = low resolution mass spectrometry HRMS = high resolution mass spectrometry ECD = electron capture detector SIM = selected ion monitoring TIC = total ion current CV = coefficient of variation ADM = average deviation from mean nd = not determined. b True concentration (by weight) = 74 ng/pl. c True concentration (by weight) =118 ng/pl. 

Figure 30. Vapor pressure curves of commercial hexane in different concentrations by weight in mixtures with cottonseed oil, according to Pollard et al. (208).

Commercial Manufacture.—Alcohol and sulphuric acid are mixed in the proportion of one molecule of alcohol to one molecule of sulphuric acid. This is in the proportion of 46 grams alcohol (molecular mass of alcohol equals 46) to 98 grams sulphuric acid (molecular mass equals 98) or approximately one part alcohol (absolute) by weight to two parts sulphuric acid (concentrated) by weight. This will be found to be approximately in the proportion of one volume alcohol to one volume sulphuric acid. After cooling the well shaken mixture it is... 

These figures might lead us to assume that the osmotic pressures, and the colligative properties which are proportional to them in moderately concentrated solutions, were proportional to the concentration by weight and not to the concentration by volume. This again would appear to be a serious objection to Digitized by Microsoft ... 

Mtributed to the absence of the necessary experimental work for 0-5-2 normal solutions of non-electrolytes, that is, of systematic determinations of all the quantities which appear in the equations (namely, concentration by weight and by volume, heat of dilution, etc.). The theoretical interpretation of the data for solutions of electrolytes must be postponed until the behaviour of non-electrolytes has been explained. The dissociation of electrolytes introduces a new complication which cannot be treated with success until the osmotic pressure laws for concentrated solutions have been elucidated. 

FIGURE 10.31. The fluorescence quantum yields of TPP (filled circles) and PFO (open circles) in a blend film as a function of TPP concentration by weight. The upper x-axis shows the TPP intermolecular distance. (From Ref. 17.)... 

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