Datum, computer

The purpose of translation is to change the position of the data with respect to the coordinate axes. Usually, the data are translated such that the origin coincides with the mean of the data set. Thus, to mean-center the data, let be the datum associated with the kth measurement on the /th sample. The mean-centered value is computed as = x.f — X/ where xl is the mean for variable k. This procedure is performed on all of the data to produce a new data matrix the variables of which are now referred to as features. 

Gaussian noise has been added onto the structure factor amplitudes squared as computed from the L-alanine model density for each datum, the amount of noise added was proportional to the experimental esd for the corresponding intensity measurement ... 

The critical datum is not a buret reading, as it was in the case of the volumetric method. Rather, the amount of iodine used is determined coulometrically by computing the coulombs (total current over time) needed to reach the end point. The coulombs are calculated by multiplying the current applied to the anode-cathode assembly (a constant value) by the total time (seconds) required to reach the end point. The modern coulometric titrator automatically computes the amount of moisture from these data and displays it. 

Present worth The value at some datum time (present time) of expenditures, costs, profits, etc., according to a predetermined method of computation. It is the current value of cash flow obtained by discounting. 

Since each nucleus has three parameters, 8,

overall structure of the complex ab initio. However, uncertainty between alternative structures of substrates is capable of being resolved, as is uncertainty in alternative assignments of the NMR resonances, or uncertainty in the orientation or position of coordination of substrates of known structure. A computer optimization of agreement between observed shifts and coordination orientation (or whatever other uncertain features are to be investigated) is the normal procedure, as first demonstrated for the [Pr(dpm)3(bomeol)] adduct.546... 

By a parametric study we mean a presentation of the way in which the performance of the system depends on the choice of a parameter. If we want to make a parametric study of the effect of variations of, say, temperature, which affects k but nothing else, this form is ideal, because k is present in Da but in no other parameter. We perform a quick computation of the conversion (%) and time to reach 99% of steady state (min), for U = 0, 0 = 12 s, and k = 6.2 X 10 7 exp — 14000/T s 1 (this last datum is a rate constant taken from L. D. Schmidt s The Engineering of Chemical Reactions (Oxford, 1997) for a reaction involving butadiene). Any spreadsheet program will immediately give a table of results such as ... 

The values of availability (exergy) and energy (enthalpy relative to the dead state) of all materials that are in complete, stable equilibrium with the dead state are zero. The datum level materials and their concentrations that age used in this work to compute the specific chemical enthalpy, 8, and the specific chemical exergy, e, are listed in Table I. 

Fig. 3.—Fourier-transform, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra45 of 6-Deoxy-l,2 3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-6-phthalimido-a-D-gaIactopyranose (54) (0.06 mg) at 90 MHz, Obtained by Transformation (N = 4,096) of the Free-induction Decay Signal (1,024 Datum Points, see Fig. 2), After the Appendation of 3,072 Zero, Datum Points ( Zerofilling, See Text), [(a) Spectrum associated with the real part of the transform, and (b) with the imaginary part (c) absorption-mode spectrum computed by phase correction of the spectrum in (a) and (d) dispersion-mode spectrum computed by phase correction of the spectrum in (b). Parameters for phase correction, A —255° and B —215°. Note that the phase of the tetramethylsilane and chloroform signals in (c) is slightly different from that of the carbohydrate derivative. By coincidence, the peak for residual water in spectrum (c) has almost the same intensity as the methyl signals, and could have been mistaken for one, had other spectra not been recorded.]...

From N datum points in the f.i.d. signal, the computation produces Nl2 real (R) coefficients of amplitudes of points in the frequency spectrum (see Fig. 3a, p. 51) and a further N/2 coefficients associated with the imaginary (I) part of the transform (see Fig. 3b), so that155... 

Figure 7. High/Low components in ASAL response. The dose/response curve towards ASAL given by corpora allata from Day 2 mated females in a standard two hour assay in vitro (solid circles) reveals two quasi-additive responses. Estimates of individual 1C50 (Low, 0.04 nM High, 180 nM) and maximum response (Low, 23% High, 62%) values were obtained by minimizing the sum-of-squares deviation from computed idealized Hill plots (Log (V /V -1) vs Log(ASAL)). Each datum point represents measurement on l2-20 pairs of corpora allata. Chi-square - 0.8297, critical "0-975. ...

The most important datum that can be determined from the nmr spectrum of an oxirane is the coupling constant. Since the spectra are generally complicated and contain an ABM or ABX multiplet that cannot be interpreted directly, computer simulation is necessary. Abundant data on the coupling constants are to be found in the reviews referred to in Section II.4.D.a. ... 

The material balance from Problem 3-6 and either ASPEN PLUS or CHEMCAD-III computer software is used to develop the energy balance around each piece of equipment in the ethylene separation section. For example, around distillation column, C-601, the computer program establishes the heat content 6f streams 533, 602, and 603 above a selected datum plane. The distillation calculation indicates the flow rates of the oveiiiead and bottoms streams. The reflux and reboil then indicate the flow rates of the streams that are returned to the column and permits evaluation of the condenser and reboiler duties. In kW " this pan be expressed as... 

A second method involves the examination of residuals A residual is defined as the difference between an observed value and some expected, predicted or modelled value. If the suspect datum has a residual greater than, say, 4 times the residual standard deviation computed from all data, then it may be rejected. For the data in Table 6, the expected value is the mean of the ten results and the residuals are the differences betweeii each value and this mean. The standard deviation of these residuals is 14.00 and the residual for the suspected outlier, 49, is certainly less than 4 times this value and, hence, this... 

As regards the thermodynamic state functions for the equilibrating mixture of these two ions in the gas phase, we believe that the only piece of information available so far is the GB of cyclobutene. This datum, combined with the experimental 5°m(c-C4H6) and the computed 5°m(14) (this work) leads to AfFrnj(14) (Table 3). 

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