Computer producer

Table I lists the values of the rate coefficients used to simulate the transient response experiments shown in Figs. 3 through 8. These values were obtained in the following manner (29). Starting from a set of initial guesses, the values of k were varied systematically to obtain a fit between the predicted product responses and those obtained from experiments in which H2 was added suddenly to a flow of NO. These experiments while not described here were identical to that presented in Fig. 9, with the exception that only l NO was used. Because of the large number of parameters in the model, only a rough agreement could be achieved between experiment and theory even after 500 iterations of the optimization routine (30). The parameter values obtained at this point were now used to calculate the responses expected during the reduction of adsorbed NO. These computations produced responses similar to those observed experimentally (i.e., Fig. 3) but the appearance of the product peaks in time did not coincide with those observed. To correct for this, the values of kg, ky, and kg were adjusted in an empirical manner.

What are the advantages of smaller sizes Saving space is not the only advantage, but it is perhaps the easiest one to appreciate. Tiny objects can fit in places that other objects cannot go, and in electronics, packing an increasing number of components on integrated circuits used in computers produces a faster, more powerful machine. 

To aid in grouping the materials, methods were worked out using ratios between the concentrations of pairs of elements and by computer-produced correlation plots between such pairs. Scandium and iron were highly correlated and of a distinct ratio for a given geographic area and clay type. 

The electronic equipment used is now commercially available from three or four sources. Ours consisted of a Nuclear Science Instruments Mossbauer spectrometer and a Northern Scientific pulse height analyzer. The spectra we obtained were all fitted (by least squares) by an IBM 360 computer (7) used in a time-shared system. Plots were also computer-produced. All of our spectra, whether obtained by transmission or by scattering, are shown with the ordinate as fractional absorption relative to the off-peak background. 

Although no crystallographic studies of the tocopherols have been made, molecular dimensions have been calculated for both 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-ol and a-tocopherol (81HC(36)63). These results are based on the agreement between the X-ray data for 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,4-trimethylchroman (Dianin s compound, 159) (70JA3749) and the computer-produced values for a strain-free model. 

P. S. Hunter, An Index to Computer-Produced Standard Interest Profiles in Chemistry, Applied Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Metallurgy, Sch. Librarianship, Polytech. North London, London, UK, 1973. 

The first computer to be designed specifically for use in comparatively small-scale laboratory applications was the LINC (Laboratory Instrument Computer), produced in 1962 by a team at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the USA,... 

From N datum points in the f.i.d. signal, the computation produces Nl2 real (R) coefficients of amplitudes of points in the frequency spectrum (see Fig. 3a, p. 51) and a further N/2 coefficients associated with the imaginary (I) part of the transform (see Fig. 3b), so that155... 

When the program was functioning correctly, we fed in all the data we had in the computer, producing the total picture (Figure 2). On this plot, the overlap of ceremonial vessels and belt hooks is marvelously confused. This plot does not include any weapons, nor does it include any analyses not made in the Freer Gallery laboratory, or under our strict supervision, or by R. J. Gettens and his students before he came to the Freer. In other words, most of the analyses represented here were made by standard wet chemical techniques (7). 

Appendix IV. Computer-Produced Flow Diagram for TGPL78... 

Chemical Titles is a computer-produced list of titles of chemical papers arranged by keywords (KWIC, keyword in context), and produced by Chemical Abstracts Services. The titles appear so that the keywords are listed in the center of the column. It is based on the contents pages of some 700 journals abstracted in Chemical Abstracts, and appears twice monthly. For the most efficient use, a list of keywords is compiled, and the availability of this service on magnetic tape means that computer-based searches of these titles can be made. 

Even worse, early N-body calculations showed that a very common occurrence in star clusters was the formation of close binary stars— two stars orbiting one another so closely that in some cases they share a common atmosphere. The timestep for the force calculation for these stars has to be very short, because the stars change their positions relative to one another quite rapidly. Additionally, the very small distance between these stars leads to singularities— places where the computations produce values going to infinity. (This happens because when stars are nearly touching, the distance between them is almost zero relative to the size of the entire cluster or galaxy, and this value appears in the denominator of the force equation.)... 

A reviewer has kindly provided references to other programs for solving differential equations by numerical methods (13-21). These will be useful to individuals that do not have IBM equipment but would like to do calculations of the sort outlined above. The general topic has been discussed (13). Sebastian, et al. (14) discuss DPS (Dynamic Process Simulator) and provide references to descriptions of MIMIC (15), ACSL (16), ISIS (17), BEDSOCS (18), DSL/77 (19), DARE (20) and PMSP (21). References to other programs can be found in papers that accompany reference 2 and in other Proceedings of Conferences on Applications of Continuous System Simulation. Because of the simplicity and power of system simulation programs such as are discussed herein, one could expect that every major computer producer would have available software with the capability of CSMP. 

The connection of two or more computers produces a computer network, or simply n network. In today s world, computer networks are all around us. We get money from an A i M. access Ihe fntertiet for information. and watch programs on digital cable television, l-acli of those e.vamples requires a eompuler network. Todav. networks sigriificamlv increase the efficiency with which information can he iransmiited and manip-ulaied Z ... 

As for Fe-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD, a two-step reaction in which both steps are first-order in 02 has been elucidated based on pulsed radiolysis. " A proton is taken up upon reduction, as in Fe-SOD and consistent with computations producing the following overall stoichiometry ... 

So quantum theory has proved to be enormously useful in chemistry. Organic, inorganic, analytical, and biochemists now use quantum theory to calculate thermodynamic properties, interpret spectra, and determine such molecular properties as bond lengths and bond angles. We should not leave the impression however that quantum theory is a complete and polished theory, so that feeding the proper numbers into a computer produces all that needs to be known about... 

Roughly speaking, the computer-produced bibliography is more compact by an order of magnitude for every and in the search strategy in one study it was found that a third of the relevant papers retrieved in a hundred searches could not have reasonably been found in a hand search because of incompletely... 

One of the most recent applications of nuclear chemistry is the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in the measurement of dynamic processes in the body, such as oxygen use or blood flow. In this application, a compound is made that contains a positron-emitting nuclide such as C-11, 0-15, or N-13. The compound is injected into the body, and the patient is placed in an instrument that detects the positron emission. A computer produces a three-dimensional image of the area. 

Using an adequate threshold value, all pixels other than those of this value are automatically removed. Contiguous pixels at the boundary of a predefined threshold value are modeled as surfaces. In SSD, only the first voxel encountered along the projection ray that is above a user-defined threshold is selected as an inner surface of the gastric lumen. Computer-produced imaginary sources of illumination depict surface reflections that are encoded in the image gray scale. 

It is also possible to let the computer produce maps indicating lines of equal chemical concentration, which provide information for determining the direction of quarrying. 

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