Compressors orientation

In addition, this type of compressor tends to have both the suction and discharge ports on the same side of the compressor s housing. As a result, there is a potential for aerodynamic instability within the compressor. Orientation of the primary (X-axis) radial measurement point should be opposite the discharge port and oriented toward the discharge. The secondary (Y-axis) radial point should be in the direction of shaft rotation and 90° from the primary radial point. 

For centrifugal compressors, nozzle orientation must be specified. If the compressor is on an elevated foundation, the down-nozzle orientation makes maintenance much easier, because major piping does not have to be removed to lift the casing upper half. Figure 11-1 shows an unusual case where all the nozzles are in the upper casing half. 

Figure 11-1. This steam turbine-driven centrifugal compressor, shown just prior to shipping, has all nozzles in the upper half of the casing. Note the non-vertical orientation of the inlet nozzle. Courtesy of A-C Compressor Corporatior ...

Measurement locations should be permanently marked to ensure repeatability of data. If transducers are permanently mounted, the location can be marked with a center punch, paint, or any other method that identifies the point. The following sections give the recommended locations and orientations of measurement points for the following common machines or machine components compressors, electric motors, fans and blowers, gearboxes, process rolls, and pumps. 

The pinion shafts in this type of compressor are inside the housing. As a result, it is difficult to obtain radial measurements directly. A cross-sectional drawing of the compressor is required to determine the best location and orientation for the measurement points. 

Reciprocating Reciprocating pumps are more difficult to monitor because of the combined rotational and linear motions that are required to increase the discharge pressure. Measurement-point location and orientation should be based on the same logic as that of reciprocating compressors. 

Metals passivation allows refiners to maximize the charge of lower value feeds. Injection of antimony into the Phillips Sweeny, Texas HOC decreased unit hydrogen production and decreased the process gas compressor speed about 500 rpm. This enabled the refinery to increase throughput 10% and process a more difficult to crack feedstock (14). Fifteen percent of Oriente crude from Ecuador was blended into the Phillips Borger, Texas refinery crude slate with the use of metals passivation at its HOC. Metals in the HOC feed and on the HOC catalyst increased significantly, but yield of hydrogen was still less than it had been prior to metals passivation (6). 

It should be noted that the equations above specify directions only. They do not say whether the two shafts are co-linear or not. In fact, equations (5) to (8) tjq)ically specify the orientation of two shafts which are meant to be co-linear but deviate slightly from the ideal condition. TTiis is, for instance, the case for two rotating shafts which are coupled to drive fans, pumps or compressors. 

The GT-MHR direct Brayton cycle (gas turbine) PCS contains a gas turbine, an electric generator, and gas compressors located on a common, -29 m long vertically orientated shaft supported by magnetic bearings. The PCS also includes recuperator, precooler, and intercooler heat exchangers. Heated helium flows (Figure 5.13) directly from the MHR into... 

Provision of air lock rotary valve at bottom discharge nozzle for continuous removal of dust collected inside. Overall size of the unit—length x breadth x height. It should be possible to install the bag filter in a satisfactory manner in the available space. There should be enough space aroimd to install air compressor, air receiver tank, electrical control panel and for maintenance activities. Orientations of gas inlet and exit nozzles should be as per locations of process imits in the plant. 

Orientation of the cylinders in a multistage or multicylinder compressor directly affects the operating dynamics and vibration level. Figure 8.13 illustrates a typical three-piston, air-cooled compressor. Since three pistons are oriented within a 120-degree arc, this type of compressor generates higher vibration levels than the opposed piston compressor illustrated in Figure 8.14. 

Plant design and layout Predominant wind directions can dramatically affect the compressor fouling type and rates. Orientation and elevation of air inlet suctions must be considered together with the location of air/water cooling towers in a combined cycle plant, the possibihty of exhaust gas recirculation into the air inlet, orientation of exhaust pipes from lube oil tank vapor extractors, as well as with other local and specific sources of contaminants such as location of highways, industries, seashores, etc. 

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