Compound electric neutrality

In compounds considered to be ionic the total charge on the ions must be such as to keep the compound electrically neutral. 

Besides the lipid vitamins that are fat-soluble, hormones, waxes, oils, and many very important substances are also examples of lipids. These examples bear little similarity to one another in terms of their chemical formulations. Lipids also vary greatly in their molecular structure. Most lipid molecules are not electrically charged, nor is either end of the compound the least bit electrically polarized. They are non-polar compounds, electrically neutral throughout. 

Four ions. If we have a sample that contains one Mg and two AF ions, the total positive charge in that sample is 2 x 3 + 2 = 8. The only anion present is 0 and consequently there must be four of these to balance the 8+ charge and make the compound electrically neutral. 

The early stages of the reaction of the quaternary salt can be regarded as proceeding in a manner exactly analogous to that by which the isoxazoles themselves are degraded, the j8-oxoketene imine structure (148) being one mesomeric form of a compound which could alternatively be formulated as a nitrilium betaine. However, by contrast with the products from the isoxazoles (i.e., enolates of /3-keto-nitriles), this is electrically neutral and susceptible to further nucleophilic attack. 

Most organic compounds are electrically neutral they have no net charge, either positive or negative. We saw in Section 2.1, however, that certain bonds within a molecule, particularly the bonds in functional groups, are polar. Bond polarity is a consequence of an unsymmetrical electron distribution in a bond and is due to the difference in electronegativity of the bonded atoms. 

Because a bulk sample of matter is electrically neutral, ionic compounds always contain both cations (positively charged particles) and anions (negatively charged particles). Ordinary table salt, sodium chloride, is made up of an equal number of Na+ and Cl- ions. The structure of sodium chloride is shown in Figure 2.11. Notice that—... 

To predict the formula of an ionic compound, you need to know the charges of the two ions involved. Then you can apply the principle of electrical neutrality, which requires that the total positive charge of the cations in the formula must equal the total negative charge of the anions. Consider, for example, the ionic compound calcium chloride. The ions present are Ca2+ and Cl-. For the compound to be electrically neutral, there must be two Cl- ions for every Ca2+ ion. The formula of calcium chloride must be CaCl indicating that the simplest ratio of Cl- to Ca2+ ions is 2 1. 

You know die charge of die complex and those of the ligands. To find the formulas of the coordination compounds, apply the principle of electrical neutrality. 

Electrical neutrality The principle that, in any compound, the total positive charge must equal the total negative charge, 38... 

Actually, then, by our symbol jjU we are representing not an atom, but a nucleus. Our equation is written in terms of nuclei and particles associated with them. This nuclear equation tells us nothing about what compound ol uranium was bombarded with neutrons or what compound of barium is formed. We are summarizing only the nuclear changes. During the nuclear change there is much disruption of other atoms because of the tremendous amounts of energy liberated. We do not know in detail what happens but eventually we return to electrically neutral substances (chemical compounds) and the neutrons are consumed by other nuclei. 

The formulas of ionic compounds have a different meaning from those of molecular compounds. Each crystal of sodium chloride has a different total number of cations and anions. We cannot simply specify the numbers of ions present as the formula of this ionic compound, because each crystal would have a different formula and the subscripts would be enormous numbers. However, the ratio of the number of cations to the number of anions is the same in all the crystals, and the chemical formula shows this ratio. In sodium chloride, there is one Na+ ion for each Cl ion so its formula is NaCl. Sodium chloride is an example of a binary ionic compound, a compound formed from the ions of two elements. Another binary compound, CaCl2, is formed from Ca2+ and Cl- ions in the ratio 1 2, which is required for electrical neutrality. 

The hydrated ion [Cu(H20)6]2+ is an example of a complex, a species consisting of a central metal atom or ion to which a number of molecules or ions are attached by coordinate covalent bonds. A coordination compound is an electrically neutral compound in which at least one of the ions present is a complex. However, the terms coordination compound (the overall neutral compound) and complex (one or more of the ions or neutral species present in the compound) are often used interchangeably. Coordination compounds include complexes in which the central metal atom is electrically neutral, such as Ni(CO)4, and ionic compounds, such as K4[Fe(CN)6]. 

This description would assign to the caesium atom in the caesium fluoride crystal a resultant charge + and to the fluorine atom a charge — It has seemed to me likely that in general all of the atoms in the complexes that constitute stable chemical substances have resultant electrical charges smaller than those shown by these most electropositive and electronegative atoms in their compounds with one another, and I have accordingly formulated the postulate of the essential electrical neutrality of atoms namely, that the electronic structure of substances is... 

Just as each element has a characteristic molar mass, so does every chemical compound. Chemical compounds are composed of atoms bound together into molecules or ions clustered together in electrically neutral aggregates. In either case a chemical formula describes the atomic composition of a compound. 

Compounds—even ionic compounds—have no net charge. In the compound sodium fluoride, there are sodium ions and fluoride ions the oppositely charged ions attract each other and form a regular geometric arrangement, as shown in Fig. 5-1. This attraction is called an ionic bond. There are equal numbers of Na ions and F ions, and the compound is electrically neutral. It would be... 

Nishi et al. [110] used dextran and dextrin as chiral selectors in capillary-zone electrophoresis. Polysaccharides such as dextrins, which are mixtures of linear a-(l,4)-linked D-glucose polymers, and dextrans, which are polymers of D-glucose units linked predominantly by a-(l,6) bonds, have been employed as chiral selectors in the capillary electrophoretic separation of enantiomers. Because these polymers are electrically neutral, the method is applicable to ionic compounds. The enantiomers of basic or cationic drugs such as primaquine were successfully separated under acidic conditions. The effects of molecular mass and polysaccharide concentration on enantioselectivity were investigated. 

Cobalt would have to have a +3 charge in this compound for the complex compound to be electrically neutral. 

The isoelectric point for lysine is that pH at which the compound is in an electrically neutral form, and this will be the average of pATa2 (the cation) and pAfa3 (the dipolar ion). For lysine, pATa2 = 8.95 and pATa3 = 10.52, so pi = 9.74. 

The determination of steroids using CZE is very difficult, because steroids are electrically neutral and highly water insoluble. However, these compounds are also too hydrophobic to be separated by conventional MEKC with a surfactant alone. Additives to the micellar solutions, such as urea and organic solvents, turned out to be effective for the separation of the steroids. And MEEKC as a new technique was also used for the separation and determination of steroids (26). The steroids were separated by MEEKC using... 

The alkali metal cation complexes of compounds of the nigeridn group (nigericin, monensin, grisorixin, X-206, X-537A, dianemycin) are electrically neutral. 

Thus, the system comprising membrane, solution 2 of constant composition (internal filling solution), and electrode 2 (internal reference electrode) constitutes an ion selective electrode. The electrically neutral carrier antibiotics of the valinomycin group and related lipid-soluble compounds can serve as the active components of highly selective liquid... 

E) NHs is a neutral ligand the bromide and the chloride ion both have a -1 charge. Cobalt would have to have a h-3 charge in this compound for the complex compound to be electrically neutral. 

Elements are fundamental substances that cannot be broken down into smaller chemical components. The smallest unit of an element is an atom, a term based on the Greek word atomos, meaning indivisible. But atoms are divisible—they consist of a nucleus containing positively charged particles called protons and electrically neutral particles called neutrons, surrounded by a swarm of electrically negative particles called electrons. In chemical reactions, atoms interact and combine to form a molecule of a compound. (Chemical reactions also occur when the atoms in molecules interact and combine to form even bigger com-... 

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