Compound class dependence

Boduszynski and co-workers [114] and Andersson and Sielex [115] have used GC-AED to examine the sulfur-containing molecules in petroleum and its heavier processed products. Both groups found a preponderance of thiophenic sulfur compounds in processed materials, in contrast to petroleum. The unprocessed petroleum had mercaptans, sulfides, thiophenes, as well as other species containing other heteroatoms in addition to the sulfur. These two studies also showed that this detector has the selectivity for sulfur that is attainable with the two older commonly used sulfur detectors, the flame photometric detector (EPD) and the chemiluminescent detectors. The first of these, however, suffers from a very non-linear response. This effect is very compound-class dependent. This is due to the fact that the light-emitting species that is detected is a two-sulfur atom one that results from recombination of the sulfur atoms in the combusted sample peak. The efficiency of combustion and the rate of recombination are both dependent on the... 

Canter, B., Snyder, R. D., Halbert, D. N., and Lee, M. D. 2006. Toxicogenomics in drug discovery and development Mechanistic analysis of compound/ class-dependent effects using the DrugMatrix database. Pharmacogenomics 7(7) 1025-44. 

Ganter B, Snyder RD, Halbert DN and Lee MD (2006) Toxi-cogenomics in drug discovery and development mechanistic analysis of compound/class-dependent effects using the Drug-Matrix database. Pharmacogenomics. 7(7) 1025 4. 

Steroids (1) are members of a large class of lipid compounds called terpenes that are biogenicaHy derived from the same parent compound, isoprene, C Hg Steroids contain or are derived from the perhydro-l,2-cyclopentenophenanthrene ring system (1) and are found in a variety of different marine, terrestrial, and synthetic sources. The vast diversity of the natural and synthetic members of this class depends on variations in side-chain substitution (primarily at C17), degree of unsaturation, degree and nature of oxidation, and the stereochemical relationships at the ring junctions. 

They found that they could assign the compounds tested to four main classes depending on the observed electrochemistry of cytochrome c (see Figure 3.89). 

The primary product from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a complex multiphase mixture of hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and water. The composition of this mixture is dependent on the Fischer-Tropsch technology and considerable variation in carbon number distribution, as well as the relative abundance of different compound classes is possible. The primary Fischer-Tropsch product has to be refined to produce final products, and in this respect, it is comparable to crude oil. The primary product from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can therefore be seen as a synthetic crude oil (syncrude). There are nevertheless significant differences between crude oil and Fischer-Tropsch syncrude, thus requiring a different refining approach.1... 

In principle, asymmetric synthesis involves the formation of a new stereogenic unit in the substrate under the influence of a chiral group ultimately derived from a naturally occurring chiral compound. These methods can be divided into four major classes, depending on how this influence is exerted (1) substrate-controlled methods (2) auxiliary-controlled methods (3) reagent-controlled methods, and (4) catalyst-controlled methods. 

By far the largest class of compound in this Handbook, the metal (and ammonium) salts have been allocated into two sub-classes dependent on the presence or absence of oxygen in the anion. 

The I-I bond distances are varying from 2.79 A, in case of complexes with weak I-S interaction, to 3.08 A, as a result of a strong 1-S interaction. The corresponding I-I bond is subseqnently elongated with respect to the corresponding distance in free I-I in the solid state (2.717 A at 110 K). Bigoli et al. [10] has classified iodine adducts of sulfur donors into three classes, depending on 1-1 bond order (n). When n > 0.6 and d(I-I) < 2.85 A the adduct is type A and when n < 0.4 and d(l-l) > 3.01 A it is type C. Componnds with intermediate values were classified as type B. Thus, compounds (18) and (20) are classified to A type, compounds (19), (21) and (22) to B type, whereas componnd (17) is of C type. 

Whether an analyte is suitable to be analyzed by Cl depends on what particular Cl technique is to be applied. Obviously, protonating PICI will be beneficial for other compounds than CE-CI or EC. In general, most analytes accessible to El (Chap. 5.6) can be analyzed by protonating PICI, and PICI turns out to be especially useful when molecular ion peaks in El are absent or very weak. CE-CI and EC play a role where selectivity and/or very high sensitivity for a certain compound class is desired (Table 7.4). The typical mass range for Cl reaches from 80 to 1200 u. In DCI, molecules up to 2000 u are standard, but up to 6000 u may become feasible. [92]... 

Although the initial velocity of the desorbed ions is difficult to measure, reported values generally are in the range of 400-1200 m s" The initial velocity is almost independent of the ionic mass but dependent on the matrix. [33,36-38,46,50,51] On the other hand, the initial ion velocity is not independent of the compound class, i.e., peptides show a behavior different from oligosaccharides. [51]... 

All the terms discussed so far try to classify an explosive from its physical or explosive properties. The classification of explosives from a chemical viewpoint is of course more relevant to this book. Explosives can be classified according to the functionality they contain, and in particularly, the functional groups that impart explosive properties to a compound. Piets (Zh. Obshch. Khim., 1953, 5, 173) divided explosives into the following eight classes depending on the groups they contained each group is known as an explosophore . 

There are a number of approaches to the design of libraries of compounds focused on GPCRs and such libraries fall into a number of classes depending on how they have been designed. 

It is not necessary to dignify all these metallic compound radicals with names the chief point of importance about them is their abbreviated notation, in which the smell letter o is attaohed to the symbol of the metal, the atomicify of the radical being marked in the usual manner. It mast be borne in mind that the number of atoms of oxygen in any radical of this class depends upon its atomicity thus a monad contains only one atom of oxygen, a dyad two, and a triad always three atoms of oxygen. Ihe use of any but monad and dyad metallic compound radicals is very rare. 

ABSTRACT This chapter will focus on three classes of naturally occurring compounds that we have considered as beginning points for mechanistic studies in drug design. Each compound class is dependent for its biological activity on the presence of the redox-sensitive catechol-o-quinone system. 

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