Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Composites

Airbus A380 structure uses 25 % of advanced composites. Carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) are used for about 22% of the airframe. 

These properties of carbon fibres from mesophase pitch are very advantageous for carbon/carbon composites (carbon fibre reinforced carbon materials CFRC), which are mostly of military importance today in the missile technology. In spite of intensive studies on further advantageous applications it can not yet be seen where these pitch based fibres are superior for fibre reinforced plastics. Even the present prices do not beat those of PAN based fibres especially if heavy tows are con -sidered. 

Epoxide resins reinforced with carbon and Aramid fibres have been used in small boats, where it is claimed that products of equal stiffness and more useable space may be produced with a 40% saving in weight over traditional polyester/ glass fibre composites. Aramid fibre-reinforced epoxide resins have been developed in the United States to replace steel helmets for military purposes. Printed circuit board bases also provide a substantial outlet for epoxide resins. One recent survey indicates that over one-quarter of epoxide resin production in Western Europe is used for this application. The laminates also find some use in chermical engineering plant and in tooling. 

A single ply unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced PEEK material has a volume fraction of fibres of 0.58. Use the data given below to calculate the Poisson s Ratio for the composite in the fibre and transverse directions. 

Access of air and water will also affect the corrosion rate. Metal inserts in corrosive plastics are most actively attacked at the plastic/metal/air interfaces with certain metals, notably aluminium titaniumand stainless steel, crevice effects (oxygen shielding and entrapment of water) frequently accelerate attack. Acceleration of corrosion by bimetallic couples between carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics and metals presents a problem in the use of these composites. 

Enhancement ratios of carbon fibres versus glass fibres. The data used here are the ratios of a property for a carbon fibre reinforced composite (CFRP) versus the same property for the glass fibre reinforced composite (GFRP). 

Figure 6.10. Glass, aramid and carbon fibre reinforced composites tensile modulus versus tensile strength examples...

Springs made of glass or carbon fibre reinforced UD thermoplastic composite. 

Pi-Pregs (Porcher Industries), balanced or UD composites, are made of glass, aramid or carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics (PPS, PEI,TPU, PA 12). 

Figure 29. Fiuman osteoblast-like MG 63 cells in cultures on material surfaces modified with carbon nanoparticles. A fullerene Cgo layers deposited on carbon fibre-reinforced carbon composites (CFRC), B fullerene C o layers deposited on microscopic glass coverslips, C terpolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyldifluoride and polypropylene, mixed with 4% of single-wall carbon nanohorns, D the same terpolymer with high crystalline electric arc multi-wall nanotubes, E diamond layer with hierarchically organized micro- and nanostmcture deposited on a Si substrate, F nanocrystalline diamond layer on a Si substrate. Standard control cell culture substrates were represented by a PS culture dish (G) and microscopic glass coverslip (FI). Immunofluorescence staining on day 2 (A) or 3 (B-Fl) after seeding, Olympus epifluorescence microscope IX 50, digital camera DP 70, obj. 20x, bar 100 pm (A, C, D, G,H)or 200 pm (B, E, F) [16].

Sato N., Kurauchi T., Sato, S. and Kamigaito O. (1986). Fracture mechanism of unidirectional carbon-fibre reinforced epoxy resin composites. J. Mater. Sci. 21, 1005-1010. 

Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CRP) is used in die manufacture of golf clubs and tennis rackets, a What are composite materials b Which two substances are used to manufacture this composite material ... 

Yu, Z.B. and Thompson, D.P., (1998), Preparation of carbon fibre reinforced Li-alpha-sialon composites , in Gibson, G., Consolidating New Applications, Seventh International Conference on Fibre Reinforced Composite, Cambridge, UK, Woodhead, 264-270. 

Zhang, E. and Thompson, D.P., (1995), Elimination of cracks in carbon fibre reinforced nitrogen glass composites , in Bellosi A, Fourth Eur. Ceram., Italy, Gruppo Editoriale Faenza Editrice, S.p.A., 193-198. 

Zhang, E. and Thompson, D.P., (1997), Carbon fibre reinforced nitrogen glass composites ,... 

Paraffins, PE and metals, such as Pb and Sn, have microhardness values below 100 MPa. Semicrystalline polyoxymethylene, PET, chain-extended PE, poly(ethylene 2,6 naphthalate) and metals, such as Al, Au, Ag, Cu and Pt, have values between 100 and 300 MPa. The microhardness values of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer composites are about 900 MPa and those for the common metals Zn and Co are 2000 and 4000 MPa, respectively, while for white steel it is 5000 MPa. 

The microhardness of thermally untreated gelatin of 400 MPa surpasses that of all commonly used synthetic polymers and soft metals and the value for the thermally treated gelatin of almost 700 MPa (Vassileva et al, 1998) approaches that of the carbon-fibre-reinforced composites. 

Let us consider one final example the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) relating to nanoscale scratch and indentation tests on short carbon-fibre-reinforced PEEK/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite blends (Han et al, 1999). In the scratch test, the tip was moved across the surface at constant velocity and fixed applied force to produce grooves with nanometre scale dimensions on the PEEK matrix surfaces. The grooves consisted of a central trough with pile-ups on each side. These grooves provide information about the deformation mechanisms and scratch resistance of the individual phases. In the nanoscale, indentation and... 

Chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) is an extension of CVD processes only when a CVD process occurs on an internal surface of a porous substrate (especially for the fibre preform). As compared with CVD, the CVI process for ceramics is much more effective and important because it is the optimal technique to fabricate fibre reinforced ceramics and particularly carbon fibre reinforced carbon and advanced ceramic matrix composites. Both CVI and CVD techniques share some common features in overall chemistry, however, the CVI is much more complex than the CVD process in mass transport and chemical reactions. 

Liu WC, Wei YZ, Deng JY (1995) Carbon-fibre-reinforced C-SiC binary matrix composites. Carbon 33 441M47... 

By use of this functionally gradient coating the carbon-fibre-reinforced aluminium composites (C/Al) exhibit excellent mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength reaches 1250 MPa when the fibre volume fraction is 35%. 

Lamouroux F, Bertrand S, Pailler R, Naslain R, Cataldi M (1999) Oxidation-resistant carbon-fibre-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites. Composites Sci Technol 59 1073-1085... 

Figure 6.6. Columnar SiC in carbon-fibre-reinforced silicon carbide composites [18]...

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