Composite fibers applications

Kadla,)., Kubo, S., Venditti, R, Gilbert, R., Compere, A., and Griffith, W. (2002) Lignin-based carbon fibers for composite fiber applications. Carbon, 40 (15), 2913-2920. 

Though short fiber-reinforced mbber composites find application in hose, belt, tires, and automotives [57,98,133,164] recent attention has been focused on the suitability of such composites in high-performance applications. One of the most important recent applications of short fiber-mbber composite is as thermal insulators where the material will protect the metallic casing by undergoing a process called ablation, which is described in a broad sense as the sacrificial removal of material to protect stmcrnres subjected to high rates of heat transfer [190]. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are potential ablative materials because of their high specific heat, low thermal conductivity, and ability of the fiber to retain the char formed during ablation [191-194]. 

Improved heat-resistant UV compositions for optical fiber applications These compositions are nonurethane UV cure compositions that have neither carbamate moieties nor long-chain poly(alkylene oxide) soft segments and exhibit inherently better thermal stability measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) than typical coatings for optical fibers based on urethane acrylate oligomers. 

Phenol-formaldehyde resins find numerous applications in such areas as wood composites, fiber bonding, laminates, foundry resins, abrasives, friction and molding materials, coatings and adhesives, and flame retardants (JL). From a specialty chemicals standpoint, they are also used as developer resins in carbonless papers (2.). Conventional methods of preparation involve condensation of a phenol with formaldehyde under either acidic (novolak) or basic (resole) conditions (2). Their typical molecular weight range is from 800-4000 daltons (D) and includes a wide variety of alkyl or aryl substituted phenols (A)- The... 

Acrylic Macromonomers. Acrylic-methacrylic macromonomers prepared by catalytic chain transfer using cobalt(II) chelates afford polymer chains, each with an olefinic endgroup (18, 24). Such macromonomers can be polymerized or copolymerized to produce graft polymers that are useful in coatings, fibers, films, and composite materials applications (24). Moreover, one is able to synthesize macromonomers containing several alkylmethacrylates, alkylacrylates, and styrene (IS). 

Major polymer applications optical fibers, dials, optical components, household items, car rear lights, artificial stones (filled products) for injection molded bath sinks, and kitchen worktops, bone cement, composites, medical applications (e.g. bone cement)... 

Major polymer applications safety glass interlayer (automotive windshields), control of light, heat and sound in construction glass, bulletproof glass, adhesives and sealants, binders for rocket propellant, photoconductive papers, magnetic tapes, powder coating, wood sealers and primers, inks, ceramic binders, dry toners, wash primers, composite fiber binders... 

Cellulosic fiber reinforced polymeric composites find applications in many fields ranging from the construction industry to the automotive industry. The reinforcing efficiency of natural fiber is related to the namre of cellulose and its crystallinity. The main components of natural fibers are cellulose (a-cellulose), hemicelluloses, lignin, pectins, and waxes. For example, biopolymers or synthetic polymers reinforced with natural or biofibers (termed biocomposites) are a viable alternative to glass fiber composites. The term biocomposite is now being applied to a staggering range of materials derived wholly or in part from renewable biomass resources [23]. 

J.-R. Schauder. Exxelor coupling agents for wood fibers reinforced composites. In Wood fibre Polymer Composites Symposium. Application and Trends, Bordeaux, France, March 27-28, 2003. 

The constant fiber content allows the production of constant high quality composites. Main applications are in the aerospace sector (mostly using multifunctional epoxy monomers), sporting goods (rackets, skis, bike frames, golf items, baseball bats, etc.), and in the electronic industry (printed circuit boards). Autoclaves usually required for the reaction are expensive, slow to operate, and limited in size. 

The chief application areas being explored and commercialized for ECPE fibers are divided between traditional fiber applications and high-tech composite applications. The former include sailcloth, marine ropes, cables, sewing thread, nettings, and protective clothing. The latter includes impact shields, ballistics, radomes, medical implants, sports equipment, pressure vessels, and boat hulls. 

Thermoplastic PAI resins find use in many applications, such as adhesives, coatings, filled and unfilled molding compositions, fibers, films, composites, and laminates. In particular they are used in aircraft, automotive electric and electronic appUcations, as coatings, seals, and in oil and gas processing equipment. 

Information on fibers applicable to different materials of construction and use that relates to compositions, surface treatments, performances, processing, and terminology follows ... 

Among various nylon compositions, nylon-6 and nylon-6,6 are by far the most important polyamides for the commercial production of fibers and resins. This chapter will focus largely on the fiber-related aspects of these two nylons. Other nylons marketed for minor fiber applications will be discussed appropriately. A wealth of information on nylon technology exists in the literature [4-8]. 

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