Stone, artificial

Marble. A variety of limestone (CaCOa). It is a hard, very si porous stone, which occurs in nature in many forms and colors. It may be prepd artificially by the recrystn of limestone under great press and at high temp. In powd form it has been used as an antacid ingredient of some Dynamites (see under). Silberrad... 

Salmon, William. Artificial medicinal stones. Essentia 3, no. 3 (Fall 1982). [http // homepages.ihug. com.au/ panopus/essenti a/essentiaiii3.htm artificialb1. 

Pottery, one of the earliest human-made ceramic materials, is actually an artificial form of stone, made by combining the four basic elements recognized by the ancient Greeks earth (clay), water, air, and fire. In fact pottery is made from a circumstantial or deliberately prepared mixture of clay, other solid materials known by the generic name of fillers, and water. When a wet mixture of clay and fillers is formed into a desired shape, then dried and finally heated to high temperature (above 600°C), it becomes consolidated... 

Castle Svihov Middle age Artificial stone Collagens... 

These bricks, after calcination with carbon and exposure to daylight, emitted a reddish glittering in the dark. These Bolonian stones, also named moonstones, particularly those from the Monte Patemo, remain among the most famous ones and were the subject of scientific interest during the next two centuries they were termed phosphor (Greek light bearer ). They are considered the first inorganic artificial phosphors [2-4], The first natural phosphor was dia-mant, whose luminescence was cited by Cellini in 1568 [5]. 

Fine and super-fine structure of luminescence lines of Cr and TR are narrower in artificial gems. The reason is that in natural precious stones many optically active centers are usually present, while in artificial ones only one or two occur. 

The Stockholm papyrus (third or fourth century A.D.) gives the following recipe for preparing verdigris for making artificial emeralds Clean a well-made sheet of Cyprian copper by means of pumice stone and water, dry, and smear it very lightly with a very little oil. Spread it... 

People with Cotard s syndrome mistakenly believe that they have lost organs or that they have died and are walking corpses. Jules Cotard first described the syndrome in 1880 and noted that these people sometimes believe that their brains, stomachs, hearts, or spirits are missing. The person feels damned and that his body is reduced to a machine. At times, Cotard people feel that their bodies are infinite in extent. Some believe they have turned to stone or that their bodies are just artificial shells. 

A.D. 79 and calcium carbonate, the stuff of seashells, chalk, and limestone. Adding water to these sets off a complex set of chemical reactions that convert the gritty pasty stuff into what is essentially artificial stone. The nineteenth-century rediscovery of Roman cement, the aforementioned Portland cement, is made from a combination of burned limestone, clay, and water. It is the single most heavily used human-made material on earth. 

WYlam directs, io his patent for the manufacture of artificial fuel, that small cool he mixed dth pitch, and the compound afterwards moulded. The proportions in which these ingredients ire taken, are four parts of slack. to one of pitch. By means of edge stones, or other machinery, (he pitch and coal are ground together, or otherwise mixed, and the mass is put into a large hopper, from which it passes Into a retort. Thie arrangement is seen in Fig. 79, where m m... 

Tuchia which has frequent use in the transmutation of metals, is an artificial and not a natural mixture, for tuchia is made from the smoke which rises and is solidified by adhering to hard bodies, when brass is purified from the stones (minerals) and tin which are in it. But the best kind is from that which is sublimed from that (that is, resublimed), and then that which in such sublimation remains at the bottom is climia,62 which is called by some succudus. There are many kinds of tuchia, as it occurs white, yellow and turning toward red. When tuchia is Washed there remains in the bottom a sort of black sediment of tuchia. This is something called by some Tuchia Irida. But the difference between succudus and tuchia is as we have stated, namely, because tuchia is sublimed and succudus is what remains at the bottom unsublimed. The best is volatile and white, then the yellow, and then the red the fresh is considered better than old. All tuchia is cold and dry and that which is washed is considered better in those operations68 (that is, in above mentioned transmutation of the metals). ... 

Natural iron oxide pigments are mostly used as inexpensive marine coatings or in coatings with a glue, oil, or lime base. They are also employed to color cement, artificial stone, and wallpaper. Ocher and sienna pigments are used in the production of crayons, drawing pastels, and chalks [3.5]. 

Aluininatcs Sodium aluminate NaAlOi, white solid, soluble, (1) by reaction of aluminum hydroxide and NaOH solution. (2) by fusion of aluminum oxide and sodium carbonate the solution of sodium aluminate is reactive with CO2 to form aluminum hydroxide. Used as a mordant in the textile industry, in the manufacture of artificial zeolites, and in the hardening of budding stones. See silicates below and calcium aluminates. 

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