Component separators flooding

Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of a CAC apparatus. The apparatus consists of two concentric cylinders standing one inside the other, forming an annulus into which the stationary phase is packed. This annular bed is slowly rotating about its vertical axis. Under isocratic elution conditions the feed mixture to be separated is introduced continuously at the top of the bed at a space that remains fixed in space while the rest of the annulus is flooded with elution buffer. As time progresses, helical component bands develop from the feed point, with... 

A typical PEFC, shown schematically in Fig. 1, consists of the anode and cathode compartments, separated by a proton conducting polymeric membrane. The anode and cathode sides each comprises of gas channel, gas diffusion layer (GDL) and catalyst layer (CL). Despite tremendous recent progress in enhancing the overall cell performance, a pivotal performance/durability limitation in PEFCs centers on liquid water transport and resulting flooding in the constituent components.1,2 Liquid water blocks the porous pathways in the CL and GDL thus causing hindered oxygen transport to the... 

The electronic structure of nanopowders was explored by method of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by electronic spectrometer ES-2404 with PHOIBOS-IOO SPECS energy analyzer (E MgK(x-1253.6 eV, P-200 W, P=210 7 Pa). The spectrometer is equipped with an ion gun IQE-11/35 and a flood gun FG 15/40 for sample charge neutralization. The spectra of W4f7/2-level were factorized into component couples with parameters AEp (4f5/2 - 4f7/2) =2.1 eV, I4B/2/ Ln/2 = 0.77. The spectra of Ols-level were factorized into separate components. The factorization was carried out by Gauss-Newton method. The areas of components were determined after subtraction of background by Shirley method [1]. 

The reason for the large number of hydrocarbon-miscible flooding projects in Canada is the preponderance of reasonably priced gas throughout the province of Alberta. Also, a large number of gas plants separates intermediate components, such as ethane, propane, and butane, and allows custom design of individual solvents tailored to specific reservoir conditions. Because of the large number of hydrocarbon-miscible projects in Canada, the application of mobility-control foams seems an attractive means to significantly increase oil production. 

Effluent profiles obtained from a core-flood performed with a mixture of two surface-active components (C12 and C18) separated from a commercially available sulfobetaine are shown in Figure 24 (115). The points represent experimental data, and the lines were obtained by simulating the core-flood with a convection—dispersion—adsorption model that is based on the surface excess concept and takes into account monomer—micelle equilibrium (115). Because the mixture contains different homologues of the same surfactant, the ideal mixed micelle model... 

The column has 30 sieve trays, with a total condenser and a partial reboiler. The solvent enters tray 5 and the feed enters tray 15, from the top. The pressure in the condenser is 1.1 atm the pressure at the top tray is 1.2 atm, and the pressure at the bottom is 1.4 atm. The reflux ratio is 5 and the bottoms rate is 960 kmol/h. Use the nonequilibrium model of the ChemSep program to estimate the separation achieved. Assume that the vapor and the liquid are both well mixed and that the trays operate at 75% of flooding. In addition, determine from the tray-by-tray results the average Murphree tray efficiency for each component. 

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