Compliance strategies

Key documents that are developed during the planning stages can be used to focus and direct the compliance strategy, to outline the health and safety program/plan requirements, and to establish work controls. These documents are usually developed after contract award and before mobilization. 

Boyen, V. E., A Compliance Strategy for Process Safety Regulations, presented at the 1992 Loss Prevention Symposium of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers in New Orleans, La., April 1992. 

One conclusion that is possible to draw from this discussion is that inspectors have, in principle, discretion in relation to three important elements that can affect the efficiency and legitimacy of inspections, these are the degree of vagueness in regulations, the selection of inspection themes and objects and the choice of compliance strategies used by inspectors in order to persuade inspection objects to follow relevant regulations. 

The compliance strategies used by inspectors when carrying out inspections are developed in relation to the bureaucratic control systems and the organisational conditions within their own authorities (May and Wood 2003). In order to foster compliance by the inspection objects, the inspectors employ different methods of control and persuasion to achieve compliance. From their position as street-level bureaucrats, is important to achieve compliance with as little work as possible , thus increasing their autonomy. 

In sum, the leeway for discretion among labour safety inspectors in choosing compliance strategies is broader than that for chemical inspectors. However, both groups of inspectors use methods that aim at promoting respect for and trust in the inspection authority, and they try to adopt situation-specific compliance strategies that are based on soft persuasion and negotiating methods. 

Figure 3.1 illustrates three basic compliance strategies by comparing the cost associated with compliance (prospective validation) against the cost associated with noncompliance (the combined impact of retrospective validation and business disruption). 

FIGURE 3.1 Compliance Strategy. A Breakeven Compliance Costs B Balanced Compliance Scorecard C Zero Tolerance to Noncompliance. 

The background outhned in the previous sections, provide an indication of the overall approach to regulating the achiev ent of better health and safety managem and a clue to the likely role of OELs in this process. It ows that currently the enqihasis in compliance strategies is with the achievement of systematic approaches to ri management by duty holders. Within this broad aim, there is a particular fbem on certain issues for which improved outcomes are identified. Although not a priority issue... 

While the mechanisms of international influence on the acid rain policies of CEE countries were broadly similar, these states responded with different compliance strategies depending on a range of domestic political and economic factors. In order to understand the sources of success and failure of acid rain policies in the region, we need to look also at the interplay between international and domestic policy incentives. 

New Advances in Urea-Based SNCR. More recently, several advanced urea-based technologies were developed to add greater versatility to the NOx compliance strategy employing SNCR. Exemplary advanced processes include the SNCR/SCR Hybrid (7), the NOxOUT PLUS process (8), and a urea-slurry process consisting of injecting urea-based chemical with an alkaline slurry (9). The urea and alkaline slurry process was designed to simultaneously remove NOx, x ... 

Figure 2.2 outlines the types of regulatory and compliance strategies that are used in the process industries, along with examples of that particular approach. (In practice, aU regulations contain elements of both approaches— however, a sharp distinction between them is made here in order to... 

Choosing a mechanism for reducing VOC emissions will, for many companies, be a major strategic decision. Each of the above methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The best compliance strategy will... 

K. Hawkins (1983) Bargain and Bluff Compliance Strategy and Deterrence in the Enforcement of Regulation, Law and Policy, 5/1 35-73. 

K. Hawkins (1990) Compliance Strategy, Prosecution Policy, and Aunt Sally A Comment on Pearce and Tombs, British Journal of Criminology, 30/4 444-466. 

There are also instances where businesses can be proactive in environmental stewardship despite an apparent loss in profits. In these situations, bnsinesses seemingly compromise their profits by voluntary adopting compliance strategies. These policies of self-regulation at times reach even beyond what is reconunended by the regulatory bodies. While what motivates such actions is not always clear, perhaps some of the following factors play a role in their decisions. 

Boyen VE. A compliance strategy for process safely regulations. Presented at the 1992 loss prevention symposium of the American Institute Of Chemical Engineers New Orleans, LA. 1992. 

Functional Safety Standards achieving an effective compliance strategy Honeywell Process Solutions White Paper. 

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