Complex anions nomenclature

Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds Table 13 Compounds Containing Complex Anions... 

Werner did not place as much emphasis on names for complex anions as he did for complex cations and neutral entities. Consequently, such names as ferrocyanide and cobaltinitrite persisted almost to the exclusion of the more consistent hexacyanoferroate and hexanitritocobaltiate. However, it is entirely clear in papers published after those enunciating his principles for nomenclature that he inaugurated practices which are still followed today. 

Ligand A molecule or anion bonded to the central metal in a complex ion, 409 characterization, 411-412 nomenclature, 648-649 Light, 159q absorption, 421 particle nature of, 135-136 wave nature of, 133-135 Limiting reactant The least abundant... 

Chromium, (ri6-benzene)tricarbonyl-stereochemistry nomenclature, 1,131 Chromium complexes, 3,699-948 acetylacetone complex formation, 2,386 exchange reactions, 2,380 amidines, 2,276 bridging ligands, 2,198 chelating ligands, 2,203 anionic oxo halides, 3,944 applications, 6,1014 azo dyes, 6,41 biological effects, 3,947 carbamic acid, 2,450 paddlewheel structure, 2, 451 carboxylic acids, 2,438 trinuclear, 2, 441 carcinogenicity, 3, 947 corroles, 2, 874 crystal structures, 3, 702 cyanides, 3, 703 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene, 2,209 1,3-diketones... 

Macropolycyclic ligands, 2,942 classification, 2,917 metal complexes binding sites, 2, 922 cavity size, 2,924 chirality, 2, 924 conformation, 2,923 dimensionality, 2, 924 electronic effects, 2, 922 shaping groups, 2,923 structural effects, 2,922 molecular cation complexes, 2,947 molecular neutral complexes, 2,952 multidentate, 2,915-953 nomenclature, 2,920 Macro tetrolide actins metal complexes, 2,973 Macrotricycles anionic complexes, 2,951 cylindrical... 

The abbreviations for the investigation methods are also taken from the nomenclature of Sillen and Martel 1 (76) aiex = anion exchange cal = calorimetry ciex = cation exchange dis = distribution between two phases est = estimate red = e.m.f. with redox electrode sp = spectrophotometry. Our selected data, rather limited in number, arise from the present status of the IAEA assessment of inorganic complexes of the actinides (12). 

An additional aspect of nomenclature is the procedure of identifying the charge on a complex cation or anion by a number in parentheses after the name. The numbers indicating the charges are known as Ewens-Bassett numbers. Some examples showing both procedures for specifying charges and oxidation states are as follows ... 

The sections are divided by the coordination number of the reacting ion defined as the number of donor atoms that interact with the metal. The nomenclature used for the ligands is L for neutral molecules that act as ligands and X for anions that act as ligands. Most of the examples in this section will involve cations [ML ]+ or [MX ]+, but there will be a short section on bare metal anions, M . The anions of more complexity than M will be discussed in Section IV on clusters. Many reactions produce an initial product that continues to react resulting in further coordi-native changes and possibly redox changes. Tables I and II will indicate the initial reaction product and other major reaction products. 

Complex ions combine with cations or anions to form coordination complexes. These complex ions usually consist of a transition metal ion attached to ligands. You should be familiar with the basic nomenclature for coordination complexes. 

This is an extremely complex field, requiring major modifications to organic nomenclature and the use of terms and techniqnes from inorganic nomenclature. Even so, there are a significant number of boron componnds whose names are not satisfactory to members of either the organic or inorganic community (see Fox and Powell, loc. cit.. Chapter 27, for details). Because the number of hydrogen atoms in neutral and anionic boron hydrides often bears no simple relationship to the number of boron atoms, borane names must express the number of both. 

Along with the theory of coordination, Werner proposed5 a system of nomenclature for coordination entities which not only reproduced their compositions but also indicated many of their structures. Werner s system was completely additive in that the names of the ligands were cited, followed by the name of the central atom (modified by the ending ate if the complex was an anion). Wemer also used structural descriptors and locants. The additive nomenclature system was capable of expansion and adaptation to new compounds and even to other fields of chemistry. 

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