Complementary RNA probes,

Childs, C.V., Lloyd, J.M., Unabia, C., Gharib, S.D., Wierman, M.E., and Chin, W.W. (1987) Detection of luteinizing hormone b messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) in individual gonadotropes after castration Use of a new in situ hybridization method with a photobiotinylated complementary RNA probe. Mol. Endocrinol. 1, 926-932. 

Further, in situ hybridization using S-labeled complementary RNA probe showed that the Bombyx PITH gene was transcribed in the same cells, indicating that Bombyx PITH is synthesized in these cells (12). In Manduca sexta two pairs of brain neurosecretory cells in a similar location have been immunohistochemically identified as the PTTH-producing cells (14). 

Fig. 1 Molecular neuroanatomy of the zebrafish olfactory epithelium, a The zebrafish olfactory rosette, b A section of the olfactory rosette hybridized with an olfactory marker protein (OMP) complementary RNA probe. Dark signals represent ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE). c Three types of olfactory sensory neurons in fish, d Distinct locations and molecular signatures of ciliated and microvillous OSNs. The ciliated OSNs locate in a...

Terenghi, G., Polak,J.M., Hamid, Q, O Brien, E., Denny, P., Legon, S., Dixon,J., Minth, C.D., Palay, S.L., Yarsagil, G., Chan-Palay, V (1987) Localization of neuropeptide Y mRNA in neurons of human cerebral cortex by means of in situ hybridization with a complementary RNA probe. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84, 7315-7318. 

In situ hybridization Use of a DNA or RNA probe to detect the presence of the complementary DNA sequence in cloned bacterial or eukaryotic cells. 

The chemical modification of nucleic acids at specific sites within individual nucleotides or within oligonucleotides allows various labels to be incorporated into DNA or RNA probes. This labeling process can produce conjugates having sensitive detection properties for the localization or quantification of oligo binding to a complementary strand using hybridization assays. 

The term m situ hybridization describes a wide range of techniques concerned with the detection of DNA or RNA sequences within individual cells, tissues, or on identifiable regions of chromosomes. The technique utilizes an ability to label DNA or RNA probes so that, following hybridization with complementary sequences in the target tissues, the labeled DNA or RNA can be detected by various techniques. 

Southern blot technique A very sensitive experimental technique used to detect the presence of DNA sequences, amongst restriction fragments, that are complementary to a radiolabelled DNA or RNA probe. DNA is separated by electrophoresis on a gel, transferred to membrane niters and then labelled probes are applied to locate complementary DNA sequences. See Northern blot technique, spacer DNA DNA that separates one gene from another, spare receptors See receptor reserve, spasm An involuntary strong contraction of a muscle. In the skeletal muscle of the body the cause may he of local... 

Q-beta replicase is a method in which the concentration of probe increases if the target is present. Similar to target amplification, a large amount of nucleic acid product makes detection much easier. An RNA probe is replicated exponentially in the presence of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase, Q-beta replicase. The probe is a recombinant RNA hybrid that includes sequence complementary to the target embedded in a naturally occurring template for the enzyme. 

RNase protection assays are very powerful but more complex to perform than Northern blots. In this case an RNA probe that is complementary to the RNA of... 

Specificity and quantification in amplification monitoring could be enhanced through the use of a probe that is complementary to the intended amplification product and which can be coupled to ATP production in proportion to amplicon concentration. A system using an RNA probe is proposed ... 

Fly blood does not normally contain substances that kill bacteria, but flies inoculated with bacteria rapidly accumulate antibacterial proteins (ABs) in their blood. Wild type Drosophila have at least three different antibacterial proteins based on isoelectric points. Genetic variants identify structural genes for these antibacterial proteins. A DNA sequence that can encode a conserved portion of moth and fleshfly antibacterial proteins has been used to synthesize a complementary oligonucleotide probe. This probe recognizes a messenger RNA that appears in the fat body of Drosophila and Medflies only after they have been inoculated with bacteria. Bacteria-sensitive lethal mutations were induced to identify genes necessary for flies to survive a bacterial infection. 

The nitrocellulose disc is treated with a denaturing agent to unwind aU the DNA on it. [The DNA has become accessible by disruption (lysis) of the bacterial cells or phage.] After it is denatured, the DNA is permanendy fixed to the disc by treatment with heat or ultraviolet light. The next step is to expose the disc to a solution that contains a single-stranded DNA (or RNA) probe that has a sequence complementary to one of the strands in the clone of interest... 

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