Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cDNA

Two enz)mies of pyrrolidine alkaloid formation responsible for the conversion of putrescine to the N-methylpyrrolinium ion have been investigated in some detail. PMT, partially purified from cultures of Hyoscyamus niger and fully characterized from Datura stramonium, has been cloned by differential screening of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) libraries from high- and low-nicotine-yielding N. tabacum plants (Hibi et ah, 1994). The enzyme shows considerable sequence homology to spermidine synthase but is distinct from this enz)mie as it only shows PMT activity when expressed in Escherichia coli. MPO has been isolated in pure form from N. tabacum transformed root cultures (McLauchlan et ah, 1993). It is quite widely spread in... 

In the thyroid gland iodide is actively transported into the thyrocyte by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). The transport of iodide against a gradient is powered by Na /K -ATPase, and competitively inhibited by perchlorate (see review by Carrasco, 1993). With the revelation of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA)-sequence of rat-NIS (Dai et ai, 1996), soon followed by the sequencing of human NIS (Smanik cT gastric wall and the cDNA-sequence of human gastric NIS was revealed (Spitzweg et ai, 1998). 

Human adult normal liver complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA BioChain Institute Inc., Hayward, CA). 

The discovery of the SSA target foUowed a very similar route. Intrigued by the presence of a constitutively active truncated p27 protein in SSA-treated ceUs, the origin of this p27 was investigated. The complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) expression of p27 did not yield p27 in presence of SSA and proteasome inhibition did not have any effect on this new form of p27 either, ruling out proteolysis as a source ofthe truncated protein [4]. 

The progression of viral mRNA production during the infection cycle was characterized by means of qPCR measurements. MDCK cells infected with influenza A/PR/8 virus (multiplicity of infection = 100 one cell is virtually infected by 100 virus particles) were harvested at various points post infection. Noninfected cells were collected for control experiments. The total RNA was isolated and purified by using commercially available kits. The optical density (OD) of isolated RNA was measured and aliquots were subjected to in vitro transcription. After quantification (by OD measurements), the resulting complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) was analyzed in qPCR experiments. 

In addition, a number of transporters expressed on the basal and apical sides of the proximal and distal tubules are responsible for tubular secretion (Fig. 6.8) (Kusuhara and Sugiyama, 2009) thus, it is necessary to determine the relative contribution of each transporter to elucidate the mechanism for the renal excretion of drugs. For this purpose, an uptake assay using kidney slices and cultured cells transfected with complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) of transporters can be conducted (Hasegawa et al., 2003). 

BAC — bacterial anificiul chromosome. cDNA--complementary deoxyribonucleic acid... 

Abbreviations GcL, Geotrichum candidum lipase hPL, human pancreatic lipase RmL, Rhizomucor miehei lipase hHL, human hepatic lipase hLPL, human lipoprotein lipase hLAL, human lysosomal acid lipase hGL, human gastric lipase BAL, bile salt-activated lipase HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase CLP, colipase AChE, Torpedo cal omica acetylcholinesterase cDNA, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein HDL, high-density lipoprotein apoC-II, apolipoprotein C-II. 

---