Compensatory smoking

Strasser AA, Herman C, Sanborn PM, Pickworth WB, Feldman EA (2007) New lower nicotine cigarettes can produce compensatory smoking and increased carbon monoxide exposure. Drug Alcohol Depend 86 294-300... 

A recent study demonstrated that increases in filter ventilation increased the relative proportion of free-base nicotine in the mainstream smoke when measured in an unblocked machine-smoked condition (Watson et al. 2004). The practical importance of these results is that, even without any compensatory smoking behavior, a ventilated cigarette may deliver a greater proportion of total nicotine in free base on a puff-by-puff basis. 

COMPENSATORY SMOKING Smokers puff harder, deeper, and more frequently to obtain desired amounts of nicotine from fewer cigarettes or from low-nicotine cigarettes. Smokers may also hold the smoke in the lungs longer before exhaling and smoke the cigarette further down. 

Abstract For more than a half century, tobacco manufacturers have conducted sophisticated internal research to evaluate nicotine delivery, and modified their products to ensure availability of nicotine to smokers and to optimize its effects. Tobacco has proven to be a particularly effective vehicle for nicotine, enabling manipulation of smoke chemistry and of mechanisms of delivery, and providing sensory cues that critically inform patterns of smoking behavior as well as reinforce the impact of nicotine. A range of physical and chemical product design changes provide precise control over the quantity, form, and perception of nicotine dose, and support compensatory behavior, which is driven by the smoker s addiction to nicotine. Cigarette... 

L6. Laskowska-Klita, T., Szymborski, J., Chelchowska, M., Czerwinska, B., and Chazan, B., Compensatory antioxidant activity in blood of women whose pregnancy is complicated by cigarette smoking. Med. Wieku Rozwoj. 3, 485-494 (1999). 

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