Compact fuel cell

As stated earlier, fuel processing technology from large chemical installations has been successfully transferred to small compact fuel cell units to convert pipeline natural gas, the fuel of choice for small stationary power generators. The technology for converting natural gas is described later in this section. 

Keywords Compact fuel cell Proton conductive oxide Radiation induced conductivity Radiation enhanced diffusion... 

Development of compact fuel cells, created by combining proton conductive perovskite-type oxide ceramics with metal-hydride materials, has been already proposed [1], Our group expects that the compact fuel cells can be utilized under radiation environments such as fission and fusion reactors or cosmic [2], Therefore, it is very important to understand behaviors of electron and proton conductions under radiation environments. 

The cross-flow geometry soon became a natural structural solution when developing compact fuel cells and solid-state electrolytic reactors. Fuel cell technology is an extensive part of chemical engineering science [38] and would require a chapter or book of its own to be described. 

Steam reforming is the principle process for carbon monoxide and hydrogen production. Steam reforming process is applied for several industrial applications to provide the necessary amount of the synthesis gas. Those industries such as oil refineries, iron and steel manufacturing, methanol and ammonia synthesis, and other several petrochemical industries. The future demand for synthesis gas utilization will increase especially when methanol is used as a combustible fuel in large scale and when compact fuel-cells is used in wider applications. 

Mazda Demio (compact Fuel-cell/ 20 kW/ Mazda... 

The recent interest in compact fuel cell units for automotive applications has led to development of WGS catalysts based on noble metals [134] [277], which in contrast to the iron- and copper-based catalysts can withstand exposure to air during start-up and shutdown. 

Working at low temperature of the polymer electrodes bring the further advantage that a PEMFC can start quickly. The thinness of the MEAs (membrane electrode assemblies) means that compact fuel cells can be made. There are no corrosive fluid hazards and they can work in any orientation. This means that the PEMFC is particularly suitable for use in vehicles and in portable applications [10]. 

This arrangement is somewhat similar to the compact fuel cell design with flow-through electrodes proposed by Priestnall et al. (2002), but in contrast to the latter (since the gas mixture in SC-SOFCs is not conducting), electronic contact... 

Compact Fuel Cells for Cars, Scooters, and Motor Bikes... 

The way this heat is removed depends greatly on the size of the fuel cell. With fuel cells below lOOW it is possible to use purely convected air to cool the cell and provide sufficient airflow to evaporate the water, without recourse to any fan. This is done with a fairly open cell construction with a cell spacing of between 5 and 10 mm per cell (Daugherty, 1999). The fact that damp air is less dense than dry air (perhaps counterintuitive, but true) aids the circulation process. However, for a more compact fuel cell,... 

Unlike methanol, it is considered non-toxic. Its availability and cost as a fuel are irregular more important, ethanol cannot be processed at the low temperatures characteristic of methanol steam reforming. Therefore, its potential attractiveness as a fuel for compact fuel cell... 

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