Common rail fuel injection system

High pressure, common rail fuel injection systems... 

Guan, L., Tang, C.L., et al., 2015. Effect of di-n-butyl ether blending with soybean-biodiesel on spray and atomization characteristics in a common-rail fuel injection system. Fuel 140,... 

From the 1980s to early 2000s, control of PM was mainly accomplished using technologies that improved engine combustion, most successfully with the common-rail system, i.e., an electronically controlled high-pressure fuel injection system. However, as more severe emission regulations have been enforced worldwide, the adoption of after-treatment systems that directly remove exhausted PM has become inevitable. 

The fuel resistance of POM copolymers is rated only for temperatures up to approx. 60 °C. For new-generation diesel vehicles, that is not enough. Since the introduction of so-called common-rail technology in a new generation of fuel injection systems, diesel fuel can heat up far above 100 °C [964]. 

Without the Biodiesel Standard, there would be no sustainable biodiesel market. The Biodiesel Standard guarantees that products are properly tested for blend properties, performance in engine use, and functionality with injection systems used in the modern common rail diesel engines. Many car manufacturers state that FAME used in commercial fuel must meet both standard references EN14214, the European Biodiesel Standard, and ASTM D 6751, the U. S. Biodiesel Standard (Table 3.1). Making biodiesel that complies with the applicable Biodiesel Standard helps guarantee the functionality and performance in transport engines. 

The electronic fuel injection (EFI) system meters the hydrogen to each cylinder. This system uses individual electronic fuel injectors (solenoid valves) for each cylinder and are plumbed to a common fuel rail located down the center of the intake manifold. Whereas the CVI system uses constant injection timing and variable fuel rail pressure, the EFI system uses variable injection timing and constant fuel rail pressure. 

Swami Nathan, S., Mallikarjuna, J.M., and Ramesh, A. (2007) An experimental study using single and multiple injection strategies in a diesel fueled HCCI engine with a common rail system. SAE Paper 2007-26-0028. 

The more contaminated the fuel, the greater the filtration requirement. The injection technology in common rail systems, for example, already operates at 2500 bar pressure and is likely to go up to 3000 bar, which will require even cleaner fuels. As a consequence, there has been something of a change in emphasis in respect of filter media requirements from the level of efficiency to that of the cleanliness of fuel that can be achieved. 

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