Command-and-control processes

Command-and-control processes are the traditional way in which environmental pollution has been regulated. In typical form, this will amount to a license to emit a chemical or waste product to the environment but with conditions attached to the license that limit the quantity that can be released. Discharge consents to water are an example of this type of measure. 

Modeling the Workload of a Future Command and Control Process... 

CPI (Consumer Price Index), 2395 CPLEX, 2535, 2575 CP rule, see Critical path rule CPSC Children (anthropometric database), 1114 CQI (continuous quality improvement), 747 Creation of knowledge, 215 Creative destruction, 1888 Creativity models, 1812, 1814 CiewChief, 1050, 1112, 1118 Crew scheduling, 1743-1744, 1755-1757 Crew workload, evaluation of, 2420-2427 future command and control process,... 

Operational Procedures operator commands, override control, process monitoring, parameter modification, load scheduling, startup and shutdown, fault-finding instructions, user manuals and documentation... 

The model for the vanguard party depicted so sharply in What Is to Be Done is an impressive example of executive command and control. Applied to the actual revolutionary process, however, it is a pipe dream, bearing hardly any relation to the facts. Where the model is descriptively accurate, alas, is in the exercise of state authority after the revolutionary seizure of power. As it turned out, the structure of power that Lenin hoped would characterize the making of the revolution was more closely approximated by the long-lived dictatorship of the proletariat. And in this case, of course, the workers and peasants did not consent to the structure of power the state imposed it as a matter of imperative coordination. 

The result of the NAP development process was a scenario of likely abundance rather than scarcity of allowance. The Italian authorities carefully evaluated this outcome and endorsed it based on a number of considerations. The two main driving factors were on the one hand the expected impact of scarcity on Italian company s competitiveness while on the other the preference for a gradual transition from the traditional more rigid command and control to the new flexible market instrument approach to environmental policy-making. 

The regulatory process, particularly through command and control policies, has limitations for example ... 

To put it difTerently, governments in the EC and other countries have backed away from the direct command-and-control strategy of regulation, preferring to regulate (or, in the case of Japan, guide) the process of safety enforcement, which is delegated to the workers and firms directly concerned. 

In the late 1990s, three paradigm shifts converged to cause the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to move away from command and control toward a more collaborative approach with its historic antagonists to achieve the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) policy goal that adequate data...be developed with respect to the effect of chemical substances and mixtures on health and the environment...[by] those who manufacture. .. [and]. .. process such chemical substances and mixtures. ... 

Implementing collaborative relationships Functional "command and control" will give way to new structures and processes within the enterprise. Chapters 13-16... 

Neurons (nerve cells) are the structural units of the nervous system and the human brain contains -10" of these. Essential to the responses of neurons are chemical substances called neurotransmitters. Virtually all the processes essential to neuronal function directly or indirectly utilise ATP (Figure 11.28). The role of phosphorylation in brain function is far from being fully worked out, particularly in relation to hormones and neurotransmitters, which are known to be essential to enable the brain to command and control the body. 

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