Combustion instabilities in liquid-propellant rockets

L. Crocco and S. Cheng. Theory of Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors. Butterworths, London, 1956. 

L. Crocco. Aspects of combustion instability in liquid propellant rocket motors, part 1. /. Am. Rocket Soc., 21 163-178, 1951. 

F.E.C. Culick and V. Yang. Overview of combustion instabilities in liquid-propellant rocket engines. Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 169, pp. 3-37, Chapter 1, AIAA, 1995. 

Sirignano L. Crocco, "A Shock Wave Model of Unstable Rocket Combustors , AIAA 2, 1285(1964) I) B.T. Zinn, "A Theoretical Study of Nonlinear Transverse Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors (PhD Thesis)> Princeton Univ, May 1966 J) C.E. Mitchell, "Axial Mode Shock Wave Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines (PhD Thesis), Princeton Univ, NASA CR 72229(1967) K) E.L. 

M) L. Crocco, "Research on Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rockets , 12thSympCombstn, Poitiers, France, July 14-20, 1968 (published in 1969), pp 85-99... 

N) E.W. Price, "Recent Advances in Solid Propellant Combustion Instability , Ibid, pp 101-113 O) G.A. Marxman C.E. Wooldridge, "Finite-Amplitude Axial Instability in Solid-Rocket Combustion , Ibid, pp 115-27 P) W.A. Sirignano, "A Theory of Axial-Mode Shock-Wave Oscillations in a Solid-Rocket Combustor ,Ibid, pp 129-37 Q) B.T.Zinn C.T. Saveli, "A Theoretical Study of Three-Dimensional Combustion Instability in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines , Ibid, pp 139-47 R) R.J. Priem E.J. Rice, "Combustion Instability with Finite Mach Number Flow and Acoustic Liners , Ibid, pp 149-59 S) M.W. Thring, "Combustion Oscillations in Industrial Combustion Chambers , Ibid, pp 163-68... 

Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rockets , 12thSympCombstn (1968)... 

Crocco S.I.Cheng, "Theory of Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors , Butterworths, London(1956) 23)D.Altroan S.S. Penner, "Combustion of Liquid Propellants , in Vol 2 of B.Lewis et al, "High-Speed Aerodynamics and Jet Propulsion Combustion Processes ,... 

Refs l)Kirk St Othmer 11(1953), 764(Com-bustion products of rocket propints) 767 (Combustion chambers in rocket motors) 2)C.GRoss8c P.P.Datner, "Combustion Instability in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Motors , pp 352-402 in "Selected Combustion Problems , Combustion Colloquium, Cambridge Univ, England in 1953 published for AGARD,... 

Investigation of Transverse Mode Combustion in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors (PhD Thesis), Princeton Univ, June 1, 1961 E) L.A. Dickinson, "Command Initiation of Finite Wave Axial Combustion Instability in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors , ARS 32, 643(1962) F) S.Z. Burstein V.D. Agosta, "Combustion Instability Non-Linear Analysis of Wave Propagation in a Liquid Propellant Rocket Motor , Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Dept of Mechanical Engineering,... 

D.W. Rice, CombstnFlame 8(1), 21-8 (1964) CA 60, 14325 (1964) (Effect of compositional variables upon oscillatory combustion of solid rocket propellants) N ) R.W. Hart F.T. McClure, "Theory of Acoustic Instability in Solid Propellant Rocket Combustion , lOthSympCombstn (1965), pp 1047-65 N2) E.W. Price, "Experimental Solid Rocket Combustion Instability , Ibid, pp 1067-82 Qi) R.S. Levine, "Experimental Status of High Frequency Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability , Ibid, pp 1083-99 O2) L. Crocco,... 

Chugging in liquid-propellant rockets is only one of many examples of system instabilities in combustion devices [135], [136]. As may be seen from the contribution of Putnam to [137], a considerable amount of research has been performed on mechanisms of these instabilities. Interactions of processes occurring in intakes and exhausts with those occurring in the combustion chamber typically are involved, and it may or may not be necessary to consider acoustic wave propagation in one or more of these components in theoretical analyses [138]-[142]. Here we shall not address problems involving acoustic wave propagation we shall restrict our attention to bulk modes, in which spatial variations of the pressure in the combustion chamber are negligible. 

F. A. Williams, General Description of Combustion and Flow Processes, in Liquid Propellant Rocket Combustion Instability, D. T. Harrje and F. H. Reardon, eds., NASA SP-194, Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972, 37-45. 

Theoretical Studies of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Instability , Ibid, pp 1101-28 Pj) G.A. McD. Cummings A.R. Hall, "Perchloric Acid Flames Premixed Flames With Methane and Other Fuels , Ibid, 1365-72 P2) D.J. Carlson, Emittance of Condensed Oxides in Solid Propellants Combustion Products , Ibid, 1413-24 Qj) Ibid, "Perchloric Acid Flames Some Flame Temperatures and Burning Velocities , Ministry of Aviation,... 

In summary, all features of the liquid rocket engine combustion processes are extensively affected by injector design, and any simplified combustion model, in which the essential three-dimensional nature of the flow processes is ignored, can only be of qualitative significance. Nevertheless, these simplified models are useful in giving us some insight into the nature of the physicochemical phenomena that determine engine performance. In this connection, steady-state combustion rates and overall combustion efficiencies in propellant utilization are far less important practical problems than are control or elimination of instabilities, excessive heat transfer, and hard starts. 

---