Combining ability

The initial design is analysed using CA at a component level for their combined ability to achieve the important customer requirement, this being the tolerance of 0.2 mm for the plunger displacement. Only those characteristics involved in the tolerance stack are analysed. The worst case tolerance stack model is used as directed by the customer. This model assumes that each component tolerance is at its maximum or minimum limit and that the sum of these equals the assembly tolerance, given by equation 2.16 (see Chapter 3 for a detailed discussion on tolerance stack models) ... 

Verbindungs-draht, m. connecting wire, -fdhig-keit, /. combining ability, -form, /. form of combination, -gang, m, connecting passage. 

Varietal differences exist in all of these characteristics, and it is our theory that parents conferring the required traits should be combined. Depending on heritability and combining ability, we may add together genes for a number of useful characteristics, and a variety more resistant than any which has arisen by chance should be produced. Salt resistance is thus... 

Mendeleev, a chemist, examined the relative numbers of the atoms of different elements that combine in chemical compounds. In MgCl2, for example, each magnesium atom combines with two chlorine atoms. When he matched combining ability against molar mass, Mendeleev found the same sort of pattern as Lothar Meyer, with Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs all combining 1 1 with Cl. Thus, each scientist was led to propose a table in which elements are arranged in rows of increasing mass, with breaks so that these five elements fall in the same column. 

The reactivity (or combining ability) of the surface of substance A towards the B atoms is equal to the largest number of diffusing B atoms which can be combined per unit time by the surface A atoms into a compound of certain composition. For example, if each of the four surface A atoms shown in Fig. 1.4 combines per second one diffusing B atom into the AB compound at interface 1, the reactivity of the A surface towards the B atoms is four B atoms per second. 

Obviously, the critical thickness of the AB layer at which all the B atoms, capable of reaching interface 1 by a given moment of time, will be combined into the AB compound is six atomic planes corresponding to AB molecules (see Fig. 1.4). Indeed, in this case the reactivity of the A surface towards the B atoms is equal to one-sixth of B atom per second (one B atom per six seconds). The flux of the B atoms across the bulk of the AB layer is also equal to the same value (six consecutive displacements of the B atoms to adjacent sites within the AB lattice plus the transition of one of them through interface 2 last 6 seconds, so that one B atom crosses interface 1 as a result of these movements). At a greater thickness of the AB layer the rate of diffusion of the B atoms across its bulk is already insufficient to satisfy to the full extent the reactivity (combining ability) of the surface of phase A towards these atoms. 

Note that these quantities characterise the rate of chemical transformations at the interfaces of the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic layer with the initial phases Cu and Sn, but by no means the rate of diffusion of the tin and copper atoms across the bulk of the layer.139 140 143 yn the linear region of growth of any chemical compound layer, the rates of diffusion of its both components, even if far different, are quite sufficient to fully satisfy the reactivities (combining abilities) of the surfaces of the reactants. 

Therefore, an excess of diffusing atoms may build up in the vicinity of the boundaries of any grain adjacent to the other phase. Part of these atoms, not consumed completely at a given interface in view of its insufficient local combining ability, then diffuse further and are consumed in the formation of additional compound layers. 

Actin. According to Connell (65,66), actin in cod muscle remains essentially unmodified during storage for as long as 30 weeks at — 14°C. This statement is based on a study of various physico-chemical properties such as intrinsic viscosity, myosin combining ability, and ultracentrifugal behavior. 

Transgene combining ability (TCA) 990 Transgene expression 1531 Transgenic animals 29... 

Brandle, J.E., and P.B.E. McVetty. 1989. Heterosis and combining ability in hybrids derived from oilseed rape cultivars and inbred lines. Crop Science 29 1191-1195. 

Grant, L, and W.D. Beversdorf. 1985. Heterosis and combining ability in spring planted oilseed rape. Genome 32 1044-1047. 

In the case of pyridine-SOs, advantage has been taken of its combined ability to sulfamate and to sulfate in numerous attempts to duplicate synthetically the potent naturally occurring blood anticoagulant heparin. 

VARIABILITY OF COMBINING ABILITIES OF MS (MALE STERILITY) LINES AND STERILITY BINDERS OF SUGAR BEETS AS TO SUGAR CONTENT... 

Significant influence of parental forms and their interactions in the environment of NBC A revealed the effects of the combining ability— general (GCA) and specific (SCA) (Table 24.2). 

Dispersive analysis of the data showed that effect of all components of the variation of genotypes was significant in the environment NBEA. This allowed determining the proportion (Fig. 24.2), as well as the effects of combining abilities of parentnl lines of SSH (Table 24.3). 

The significance of differences between SSH identified the effects of GCA and SCA components of hybridization and their expression depending on the area of supply (Tables 24.5 and 24.6). The variability of combining ability, depending on the environment was pointed out by many scholars. So, in some cases, SCA was more stable, in others—GCA [10, 11]. 

Combining ability MS (male sterility) lines Simple sterile hybrids Sterility binders Sugar content... 

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are cells isolated from the inner mass of blastocysts." The mechanisms by which ESCs maintain self-renewal and pluripotency are still not yet fully understood. Many reports highlight the involvement of miRNAs as crucial players in ESCs regulation and ESCs development. In fact ESCs lose their self-renewal differentiation capacity, following alterations in the machineiy involved in miRNAs processing, maintenance and activity. Potential clinical applications of ES cells raise many practical and ethical concerns. Many nations currently have moratoria on either ES cell research or the production of new ES cell lines. Because of their combined abilities of unlimited expansion and pluripotency, embiyonic stem cells remain a theoretically potential source for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injuiy or disease. 

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