Colorant, colorants

A good compilation of the functions of fats in various food products is available (26). Some functions are quite subtle, eg, fats lend sheen, color, color development, and crystallinity. One of the principal roles is that of texture modification which includes viscosity, tenderness (shortening), control of ice crystals, elasticity, and flakiness, as in puff pastry. Fats also contribute to moisture retention, flavor in cultured dairy products, and heat transfer in deep fried foods. For the new technology of microwave cooking, fats assist in the distribution of the heating patterns of microwave cooking. 

Oxidation H ir Colorant. Color-forming reactions are accompHshed by primary intermediates, secondary intermediates, and oxidants. Primary intermediates include the so-called para dyes, -phenylenediamine, -toluenediamine, -aminodiphenylamine, and p- am in oph en o1, which form a quinone monoimine or diimine upon oxidation. The secondary intermediates, also known as couplers or modifiers, couple with the quinone imines to produce dyes. Secondary intermediates include y -diamines, y -aminophenols, polyhydroxyphenols, and naphthols. Some of the more important oxidation dye colors are given in Figure 1. An extensive listing is available (24,28). 

Color. Colors of hydrocarbon resins are routinely deterrnined on the Gardner scale (ASTM D154) or on the Saybolt scale (ASTM D156). 

Color Color Association of the United States 24 East 39th Street New York, NY 10016 Color standards for fabrics, paints, wallpaper, plastics, floor coverings, automotive and aeronautical materials, china, chemicals, dyestuffs, cosmetics, etc. 

Color Mixing. The various types of dye powders used to make dye stains are blended to achieve the desired color. Most finishers purchase wood stains premixed to specified colors. In the wood-finishing industry, various shades of brown are the most common. These colors are usually blended from primary colors. Color-matching skills can be acquired only by practice, but the basic theory of color matching is relatively simple and easily understood. The basic theory of color matching can be demonstrated by using the color circle shown in Figure 1 (see Color). 

Colorants. Colorants are used ia beverages to provide additioaal seasory appeal. Carboaated beverage may coataia some aatural color from the use of aatural flavors or juices but geaerally require additioaal colorants such as caramel or other artificial colors (see Colorants for food, drugs, and COSLffiTICS). 

Color. Color is deterrnined through the use of a Nessler-type visual color comparator as described in ASTM Designation D1209. 

Primers for Metal. If reasonably high performance is required ia the end product and unless cost is of paramount importance, a minimum of two coats, usually a primer and a top coat, should be appHed to metal. For highest performance, primer vehicles should provide good wet adhesion, be saponification resistant, and have low viscosity to permit penetration of the vehicle iato microsurface irregularities ia the substrate. Color, color retention, exterior durabiHty, and other such properties are generally not important ia primers. Resia systems such as those including bisphenol A epoxy resias which provide superior wet adhesion can thus be used ia spite of their poor exterior durabiHty. 

Mechanical and Chemical Properties. Colorants, especially pigments, can affect the tensile, compressive, elongation, stress, and impact properties of a polymer (5). The colorants can act as an interstitial medium and cause microcracks to form in the polymer colorant matrix. This then leads to degradation of the physical properties of the system. Certain chemicals can attack colorants and there can be a loss of physical properties as well as a loss of the chromatic attributes of the colorant. Colorants should always be evaluated in the resin in which they will be used to check for loss of properties that ate needed for the particular appHcations. 

Colorants. Color (qv) is used in cosmetic products for several reasons the addition of color to a product makes it more attractive and enhances consumer acceptance tinting helps hide discoloration resulting from use of a particular ingredient or from age and finally, decorative cosmetics owe their existence to color. 

Color. Colorants used in dentifrices are regulated by the Eood and Dmg Administration. They are ED C (food, dmg, and cosmetic) or D C (dmg and cosmetic) (see Colorantsforfood,drugs, cosLffiTics,and l dicaldevices). 

Gardner Color. Color measurement is obtained by comparing the sample with 18 separately numbered Gardner color standards. These are convenientiy mounted as glass disks on wheels. The entire apparatus, consisting of two wheels containing nine disks each, a case to enclose the wheels, and a slot ia the case for the sample, is commercially known as the HeUige Comparator (3). 

Ambient lighting Don t rely solely on color to distinguish, affects color. Color Augment color with other means of blind operators. identification. ... 

Farben-bogen, m. iris, -brechung, /. refraction of colors color blending, -br e, /. dyeing liquor, dye liquor, -buchdruck, m. color printing. -chemie, /. color chemistry, -chemiker, m, color chemist, paint chemist, farbenchemisch, a. relating to color chemistry or dye chemistry. 

Lackfarbe, /. lake lac dye varnish color, color varnish. 

Wasser-entzieher, m, (Textiles, etc.) hydroextractor. -entziehung, /, removal of water, dehydration desiccation hydroextraction, -entziehungsmittel, n, dehydrating agent, -erguss, m, watery effusion, edema, -farbe, /, water color color of water, -foss, n. water cask, water tub. -fenchel, m. water fennel. 

Food Colorant Color CAS Color Index EU Code EU Status FDA Code FDA Status JECFA Status... 

Test-tube number Initial color Color after 5 min... 

Glass color Coloring metal Glass furnace environment... 

Figure 12.7.1 The phenomena of light reflection, absorption, and interference to create the appearance of color. Color arises as certain wavelengths of reflected light are selectively reinforced through constructive interference, while other wavelengths of light are canceled through destructive interference.

For an airplane pilot, copilot both of type Pilot airspeed, groundspeed Speed scheduled-to-land-at Airport previous 100 destinations set of Airports pilot s-spouse s-favorite-shoe-color Color... 

Color care effect, of cellulases, 10 283 Color centers, 7 326t, 337-338 in vitreous silica, 22 437-438 Color/coloring materials, for inks,... 

The paint industry employs P.R.22 in air drying systems, in emulsion paints, and occasionally in industrial finishes although there is some danger of blooming, and the appropriate limit has to be observed. Again, P.R.22 is much less lightfast in these media than P.R.l 12. Areas of application include paper mass and surface coloration, colored pencils, artists colors, and other purposes. 

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