Color point

Plastics are high-molecular-weight organic compounds of natural or mostly artificial origin. In fabrication, plastics are added with fillers, plasticizers, dyestuffs and other additives, wliich are necessary to lower the price of the material, and give it the desired properties of strength, elasticity, color, point of softening, thermal conductivity, etc. 

ELF can be visualized with different kinds of images. Colored sections through a molecule are popular, using white for high values of ELF, followed by yellow-red-violet-blue-dark blue for decreasing values simultaneously, the electron density can be depicted by the density of colored points. Contour lines can be used instead of the colors for black and white printing. Another possibility is to draw perspective images with iso surfaces, i.e. surfaces with a constant value of ELF. Fig. 10.2 shows iso surfaces with ELF = 0.8 for some molecules from experience a value of ELF = 0.8 is well suited to reveal the distribution of electron pairs in space. 

Although this is more general, it may still fail to adequately address colored points. 

Colors and Color Points of Rare Earth X-Ray Phosphors Under 90 KV Peak X-Ray Excitations... 

Triphenyl-X -phosphorin interacts with iodine or other polarizable electron donors, as well as with such electron acceptors as tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone and tetracyanoethylene, to produce deeply colored solutions. Such coloration points to the formation of charge-transfer complexes (see p. 43). In some cases electron transfer occurs with the formation of 2.4.6-triphenyl-X -phosphorin cation radical and tetracyanoethylene anion radical. Weber is currently investigating the details of these reactions (see p. 43). 

Type Number Color Point group Magnetic moment... 

Note that we have to assume q, 0 at this stage. The problem of avoiding q, = 0 will be discussed in the subsequent text. Since this operation is equivalent to a perspective projection of all of the color points onto the viewing plane located at b = 1, Finlayson calls his algorithm Color in Perspective. All points are now located at the plane b = 1 and we can drop the third coordinate. Obviously the projection could also have been performed onto the plane defined by r = 1 or g = 1 with similar results. 

QxQy coordinates are complementary xy chromaticity coordinates as shown in Fig. 3. These are analogues of the xy coordinates which are calculated from tristimulus XYZ values in order to plot color points in a two-dimensional diagram [11]. In this case, QxQy values are calculated by the same procedure adopted in the case of xy coordinates, but the transmission spectra T(X) are replaced with the absorption spectra A(X). The equations for QxQy are given as follows ... 

The color of the dye is presented as one specific color point in the QxQy chromaticity diagram, and the QxQy coordinates are independent of the dye concentration. When two colors are mixed, the color point corresponding to the subtractive mixture will always lie on the fine joining these two colors. The location of the color point depends on the mixing ratio. 

In general, when only one screening dye is used, these simultaneous equations cannot be solved unless the color points of the indicator, the screening... 

The data processing can be divided into three phases. Phase 1 is the removal of poor quality spectra with an automated routine. Phase 2 is the data preprocessing of the spectra, which passed the quality test. This usually entails some type of baseline correction and normalization process. Phase 3 is multivariate image reconstruction where the spectra are classified and reproduced as color points... 

Figure 4.1. Cube model for RGB system. The RGB cube model illustrates the definition of colors by the three primary components along the three axes R, G, and B. Each color point is represented by a triple (r, g, b). The three primary colors are red (1, 0, 0), green (0, 1, 0), and blue (0, 0, 1). Other binary-status (0/1 for r, g, b) colors are cyan (0, 1,1), magenta (1, 0, 1), yellow (1,1, 0), white (1, 1, 1), and black at origin (0, 0, 0). Different colors are expressed by a combination of r, g, and b values varied between 0 and 1. For example, gray colors correspond to the main diagonal between black and white.

Early on it was evident that atmospheric oxygen was associated with the formation of the blue color, pointing toward some oxidation process. However, it had later also been shown [25] [26] that a blue color developed even in the absence of 02, provided the concentration of the diaqua species was sufficiently high. Whether this was due to PtIV impurities in the starting material, or was the consequence of a disproportionation of Ptn, remained unclear. 

Figure 6-7 CIE Chromaticity Diagram with Color Points for Maple Syrup and Honey Glass Color Standards...

Name Synonym Formula weight color point, °C Water Alcohol Ether... 

Fig. 7.6-1 Deconvolution of x y with y when both have added Gaussian noise of amplitude na = 0.001 (left) and 0.01 (right) respectively. Colored points the deconvoluted data colored line the original curve.

Double photoionization spectra from TPEsCO are simple one-axis graphs, but complete data sets from double photoionization are inherently three-dimensional intensity as a function of two electron energies. Presentation is in the form of two-axis maps, with grayscale or color points to indicate intensity, or by projection into normal spectra of intensity against a single variable. Many choices of axes are possible, and different authors prefer... 

First Law Every color is represented by a definite color point in the color region of the chromaticity diagram. For example, medium purity green and red light have color points A and B, respectively. 

Second Law When two color light sources are combined in various proportions, the resulting color points lie along the color line connecting the two original color points. For example, when colors A and B are added together, only those colors along the line AB can be produced. 

Second Law (Continued) The color point (M) made by mixing two colors (A B) lies a distance along the color line that is proportional to the intensity of each source. 

Purity is the relative percentage of the distance from ICI C to the color point. 

The complementary wavelength can be found by drawing a line from the color point, through ICI C to the boundary of the chromaticity diagram. The complementary wavelength is the spectral wavelength read at that point. 

To determine purity, the line is extended to the bottom of the chromaticity diagram. Purity is the relative percentage of the distance from ICI C to the color point. 

Some composite colors can not be made using the primary colors, specifically any color whose color point falls outside the color triangle KLO. 

For example, P cannot be made from combinations of K, L, and O. Using a mix of blue and green alone, color point N can be reached. When red is added, the color point moves aiong the iine NL towards L. Thus to reach color point P, the amount of red needed is less than zero, and this is impossibie. 

If an atom produced only one spectral line falling in the visibie range, the coior point wouid fali somewhere on the spectrai coior boundary of the chromaticity diagram and would have 100% (perfect) purity (e.g., color point A). 

If an atom had two spectral lines of about the same waveiength, there wouid be a smaii shift in the coior of the emissions, but it would still result in near 100% purity (e.g., color point A and B combining to produce C). 

For example, color points A and D can combine in various proportions to produce colors along the line AD. If the ratio of intensity of A and D are about 4 1, color point E will be produced. If the ratio is about 1 1, color point F, white, will be produced. 

High purity, non-spectral colors can only be produced by properly balanced high purity red and violet light. For example, a ratio of purplish blue (J) to red (I) of about 2 1 produces the high purity purple color point (K). 

When the color points from all the many sources are combined, truly high purity flame colors are generally not possible. 

One might think that CuOH should be totally avoided. However, a small amount should act to improve the color by shifting the color point from violet blue to blue with only a little loss of purity. 

Using the four primary mixes, many interesting colors can easily be made. (Note that the assignment of the color points are only guesses for illustration.)... 

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