Color-fastness

Historically the phenazine dyes have played an important part in the dyestuffs industry, although their use has largely been superseded by the more modern, color-fast dyes, in particular those dyes which become chemically bonded to the fibers of the materials being dyed. Amongst the earliest examples of phenazine dyes are those compounds known as the safranines. The discovery of the safranines has been attributed to Greville Williams in 1859 and they were apparently in commercial use shortly after that date, but it was not until 1886 that it was recognized that phenosafranine (138) was indeed a phenazine containing system. 

Echsppe-Ol, n. recovered oil. echt, a. genuine, true, real pure, unadulterated (of colors) fast ingrain. 

Farbechtheit, /. color fastness. Farbeeigenschaft, /. coloring (or dyeing) property. 

The technique of graft copolymerization is used for the production of radiation-modified fabrics and fibers. The process consists of saturating the fabrics with vinyl monomers and then irradiating it in moist state with accelerated electrons. The fabrics thus produced have improved properties such as resistance to wrinkling and shrinkage, resistance to fire, color-fastness, good launderability, and dissipation of static charge. 

Color-fastness of objects to be cleaned, especially for laundry detergents Improved properties of objects to be cleaned, e.g. UV protection for laundered garment... 

The polymer requires compounding with normal fillers to produce useful compounds. Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) excels in resistance to attack by oxygen, ozone, corrosive chemicals, and oil, and in addition has very good electrical properties. Electrical stability and resistance to corona and arc are good. The physical properties and abrasion resistance are also good. Light-colored goods made from CSM have excellent color-fastness. Due to the presence of chlorine atoms, this elastomer shows excellent flame resistance. 

Parts molded from melamine compounds have a hard scratch resistant surface, practically no odor or taste, good electrical properties, fair arc track resistance, decorative appearance, and color fast characteristics. 

Parts molded from urea compounds have a hard surface, fair mechanical strength values, fair arc resistance, are resistant to solvents, oils, and greases and are color fast if not subjected to direct sunlight. 

Compounds may be made in a wide range of colors which are relatively color fast. 

Paper and textile production retention, coagulation, flocculation, wet strength, dry strength improvement, dewatering, color fastness, dye fixation, antistatic agents, antimicrobial treatment... 

Table 13.2. Color Fastness for Garments Cleaning in Perchloroethylene and the Micare Liquid C02 Process...

The large shift from the 1,8- to the 1,4-disubstituted anthraquinones, which even exceeds that between the a- and the 3-substituted compounds, is remarkable. For a-substituents, additional changes in shade and color fastness occur on formation of hydrogen bonds to the neighboring carbonyl group. 

The color fastness tests are grouped according to different treatments of dyed textiles ... 

Color fastness is important in textiles. It is a measure of how well the dye is attached to fabric (substrate). In the early 1900s a new class of coal-tar dyes, known as the indanthrenes, was invented. Some blue indanthrenes displaced indigo, because they were fester to light and washing, and brighter. The most important of these colorants, collectively known as vat dyes, is vat jade green. 

Reactive dyes with methylolamide-like groups were used on cotton at one time [342]. Bonding to cellulose was similar to that in etherification treatments to produce wrinkle resistance. However, because of technical problems in their application, usage of these formaldehyde-based reactive dyes has essentially ceased. Fixatives are used, which act through methylol groups, to improve color fastness of direct and other dyes on cotton. Their mechanism includes bonding (etherification) between dye and cellulose as well as between dye molecules. 

Special effect pigments suitable for outdoor applications must meet the highest standards for color fastness and weather resistance. These pigments are coated additionally with thin layers of transparent and colorless oxidic compounds. These layers increase the light resistance by reducing the photoactivity of the titanium dioxide surface. In addition, the interaction between pigment and binder is optimized. 

ISO 105-X12 and AATCC Crockmeter Method, Test method 8 Color fastness to crocking. 

CNC PADDING EMULSION AWK is suggested for cotton and poly-ester/cotton blends. The product has excellent running properties and produces excellent color fastness when properly used. CNC PADDING EMULSION AWK has good compatibility with most finishing compounds. 

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