Colonic matrices

KRISHNAIAH Y S, SEETHA DEVI A, NAGESWARA RAO L, BHASKAR REDDY P R, KARTHIKEYAN R S, SATYANARAYANA V (2001) Guat gum as a carrier for colon specific delivery influence of metronidazole and tinidazole on in vitro release of albendazole from guar gum matrix tablets. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 4 235-43. 

The hyphae growth facilitate colonization in solid matrix. 

During start-up, the microbial population distribution in the biofilm varies with time. Initial colonization of the particle may be by one or more species that alter the surface favorably for colonization by other species. For instance, in the operation of a butyrate-degrading fluidized bed bioreactor, methanogens attached to the sand particles early in the start-up process and produced a primary matrix of heteropolysaccharides that allowed attachment of other bacterial species (Sreekrishnan et al., 1991 Zellner et al., 1991 Yongming et al., 1993). This is contrary to findings in an acetate-propionate-butyrate degrading reactor, in which facultative anaerobes were found to be the initial colonizers (Lauwers et al., 1990). 

C2. Cajot, J. F., Bamat, J., Bergonzelli, G. E., Kruithof, E., Medcalf, R. L., Tetuz, J., and Sordat, B., Plasminogen activator inhibitor type lisa potent natural inhibitor of extracellular matrix degradation by fibrosarcoma and colon carcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 50, 4676-4684 (1990). 

Krishniah, Y.S.R., Satyanaranaya, S., Rama Prasad, Y.V., and Narsimha Rao, S., Gamma scintigraphic studies on guar gum matrix tablets for colonic drug delivery in healthy human volunteers, J. Contr. Pel., 55 245-252 (1998). 

Short-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activates short-chain fatty acids, acetic, butyric and propionic acid. The enzyme is present in both the cytosol and in the mitochondrial matrix of most tissues the activity is especially high in the liver and the colon. 

Oxygen Availability in Degrading Films. A major difference between natural materials and starch-plastic or cellulose-plastic blends is that the hydrophilic and relatively permeable matrix of materials like wood and hydrated polysaccharide films allows diffusion of O2 and release of nutrients from sites at a distance from the invasion site. As colonization proceeds, pore enlargement occurs when the pore walls are degraded (8) or as the polymer matrix of amylose or PVA films is hydrolyzed (10.12). In contrast, the LDPE matrix supplies no nutrients, hinders diffusion of water and O2, and the pore diameter cannot be increased. The consequence of impermeability is that the sole means of obtaining O2 and nutrients is by diffusion through water-filled pores. 

Subsurface matrix must be permeable and allow colonization of KC. 

Nemati investigated the inhibiting effect of ferrous iron on the rate of oxidation in a bioreactor packed with a polyurethane foam. Fynn and Whitmore investigated the ability of methanogen species to colonize reticulated polyurethane foam in a continuous culture system. Electron micrographs confirmed that two methanogen species colonized the matrix. The methane output was superior to a liquid culture control. 

Levine, A.E., Black, B. Brattain, M.G. (1989) Effects of A. A -dimethylfonnamidc and extracellular matrix on transforming growth factor-p binding to a human colon carcinoma cell line. J. cell. Physiol., 138. 459M66... 

Su CC, Chen GW, Lin JG, Wu LT, Chung JG. 2006. Curcumin inhibits cell migration of human colon cancer colo 205 cells through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B/p65 and down-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expressions. Anticancer Res 26 1281-1288. 

Sechler, J. L., Rao, H., Cumiskey, A. M., Vega-Colon, I., Smith, M. S., Murata, T., and Schwarzbauer, J. E. (2001). A novel fibronectin binding site required for fibronec-tin fibril growth during matrix assembly./ Cell Biol. 154, 1081-1088. 

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