Colline plays

Carbon nanotubes inevitably contain defects, whose extent depends on the fabrication method but also on the CNT post-treatments. As already seen, oxidizing treatments, such as acid, plasma or electrochemical, can introduce defects that play an important role in the electrochemical performance of CNT electrodes. For instance, Collins and coworkers have published an interesting way to introduce very controlled functionalization points or defects on individual SWNTs by electrochemical means [96]. Other methodologies to introduce artificial defects comprise argon, hydrogen and electron irradiation. Under this context, a number of recent works have appeared with the goal of tailoring the electrochemical behavior of CNT surfaces by the controlled introduction of defects [97, 98]. 

In contrast, some animal studies have suggested that female rats have an increased sensitivity to nicotine althongh these have assessed acnte antinociceptive effects and decreases in motor activity (e.g. Cronan et al. 1985 Craft and Milholland 1998) or chronic increases in locomotion (Kanyt et al. 1999). However, female mice of three strains were reported to be less sensitive than males to motor depressant effects of nicotine (Hatchell and Collins 1977). Gonadal hormones have been suggested to play a part in stimulus control as responses to nicotine during ethanol withdrawal were lower in intact females compared with ovariectomised females and males (Jung et al. 2000). 

However, a serious issue for device integration with CNTs is posed by the inability to control whether the tubes or fibers are semiconducting, semimetallic, or metallic. This aspect will also play a role if carbon nanostructures are used as a catalyst support. Except for a selective destruction of metallic tubes (Collins et al., 2001) an interesting method to separate metallic from semiconducting CNTs is the use of AC DEP. This is done by bringing a suspension of the tubes in contact with a microelectrode array. Due to the different dielectric constant of the species with respect to the... 

N. A. M. Rodger describes in his book The Insatiable Earl A Life of John Montagnu, Fourth Earl of Sandwich (Harper Collins, London, 1993), that the Earl did not like to intercept his card play, not even for the meals, and ordered his kitchen staff to prepare double slices of bread filled with sausage or cheese, which he could eat while playing. This passion made him immortal for all time and the word sandwich became a familiar term since the late eighteenth century. 

The number of human genes was recently estimated as 30,000 rather than the previously estimated number of 100,000, still believed by other experts. Francis S. Collins, Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, commented that the complexity of how proteins function in humans probably accounts for the difference. If this functional complexity is the result of protein modifications, MS will play a vital role in determining the position and type of modification (e.g., phosphorylation, liposylation, and glycosylation). 

One of the goals of green chemistry is the destruction of pollutants, an area in which oxidation chemistry can play a major role. Collins has developed an extremely robust, efficient Fe-based catalyst that uses H2O2 as oxidant to oxidize a variety of pollutant materials. The ligand set features deprotonated amide, a very strong electron donor ligand, with extensive alkyl substitution to protect what would otherwise be sensitive CH bonds. The result is an extremely oxidation-resistant catalyst which has proved useful in commercial applications, such as oxidative degradation of dyes. 

Collins et al (1986) used five stirred UF cells in parallel to determine the apparent IVIW of HS. This method was found to provide a relative comparison for samples. Shaw et al (1994) compared UF with dialysis. UF showed larger compounds in the permeate, whereas only smaller compounds than the MWCO were found with dialysis. Dialysis is purely diffusion controlled. This was attributed to tbe effects of pressure and stirring in UF which may have lead to a sub-division of molecules, although diffusion coefficients could also have played a major role. 

Zirconocenes and lanthanocenes active for olefin polymerization do, in fact, carry out well-controlled homopolymerizations of (meth)acrylic monomers, but polymerization takes place by an enolate mechanism in which the conjugated carbonyl group plays a crucial role in stabilizing the active center. Both monometallic and bimetallic mechanisms have been documented. Collins and co-workers developed a zirconocene group-transfer polymerization (GTP) technique for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) which utilizes a neutral zirconocene enolate as an initiator and the conjugate zirconocene cation as a catalyst (Scheme 3). ... 

Tobacco is one of the major model systems in plant cell and tissue culture studies. Particularly in developing techniques for genetic engineering has it played a major role. Consequently numerous papers have described various aspects of tobacco plant biotechnology. For example, almost 200 entries for plant cell culture media for tobacco are given in the tabulation by George et al. 189). Some of the most commonly used media for plant cell cultures were, in fact, developed for tobacco callus cultures 190,191). Indeed, root cultures of several Nicotiana species were described as early as 1938 by White 192). Collins and Legg 193) reviewed the use of cell and tissue culture methods for the improvement of tobacco. 

Several qualitative models have been proposed to explain porous Si formation but none of them allow full explanation of the rich variety of morphology exhibited by porous Si and, in particular, the formation of the duplex layers (nano -I- macroporous). In addition, they possess very little predictive power. A majority of the models focussed on the pore propagation, whereas the mechanism of pore initiation received very little attention. A comprehensive review of the various models proposed to explain pore formation is found in excellent review articles by Smith and Collins [5], Parkhutik [12], and Chazalviel and coworkers [13]. Two main categories of models have been proposed. The first one is basically electrostatic in nature, based on the consideration that physical effects associated with the SCR play a major role in the pore-formation mechanism. The second category is based on computer simulations. 

An important thank you must also go to Schering-Plough in Rathdrum and in particular, Dr. Ronan Lockhart, for giving me the opportunity to work there before I started my Ph.D. The guidance given to me by Dr. Robert Collins was invaluable and played a cmcial role in my development as a chemist. 

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