Collagen carbon

Continuous curve.- f(F) = F (The weighting fimction implying total routing collagen carbon derives only from diet protein). 

Figure 8.7 Relationship between bone collagen carbon isotope ratio and latitude for modern carnivorous terrestrial mammals. The regression equation is given as <513C = -0.20 ( 0.03) x latitude - 9.7 ( 1.0), with r2 = 0.75. Reproduced from Kelly (2000 7) by permission of the National Research Council Canada Research Press.

Figure 8.8 Variations in mammalian bone collagen carbon (a) and nitrogen (b) isotope values over the last 40 000 radiocarbon years. The carbon data show a clear shift at c. 10000 radiocarbon years BP, corresponding to the warming at the onset of the Holocene, but the nitrogen data appear to show a minimum during the last Ice Age. Reprinted from Quaternary Science Reviews 23, Hedges,...

Ambrose, S. H. and DeNiro, M. J. (1986). Reconstruction of African human diet using bone collagen carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. Nature 319 321-324. 

Relationship between bone collagen carbon isotope ratio... 

Variations in mammalian bone collagen carbon and nitrogen... 

R. A. MacDonald, B.F. Laurenzi G. Viswanathan P. M. Ajayan J. P. Stegemann, Collagen-carbon nanotube composite materials as scaffolds in tissue engineering, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 74A, pp. 489-496, 2005. 

Sullivan in the mid-1980s. They proposed that consumer collagen carbon was... 

Collagen-carbonic acid surgical sponge, 3,368,911 1968 Kuntz and Nuvvavser... 

Figure 4. Human diets at Maya sites in Belize based on bone apatite carbon and bone collagen nitrogen isotope ratios. Human bone apatite carbon corrected -9.5, and collagen nitrogen -3.0 to reflect estimated diet. Faunal bone collagen carbon corrected -2.0 to simulate flesh modem samples corrected +7.5 for industrial effect.

Stable isotope analyses of the organic fraction of bone and of food samples was carried out on a Micromass Prism Mass Spectrometer in the Stable Isotope Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Calgary, under the direction of H.R. Krouse. Collagen samples were combusted in a Carlo Erba gas analyser which provides information on the carbon and nitrogen content of the samples andintroduces Nior CO gases into the mass spectrometer for analysis of nitrogen or carbon stable isotopes, respectively. 

The diet of the 19 century residents of Upper Canada was determined from historical sources and was reproduced in order to carry out chemical analysis. Stable carbon isotope analysis of food and human bone demonstrates that the spacing between the food eaten and the bone collagen is around 5.6%o. The value may vary slightly from this estimate since the latter is based on a reconstructed diet and a large number of bone samples, which exhibit a small amount of variation. Nevertheless, this empirically derived result agrees well with estimates from field (Vogel 1978), and laboratory studies (reviewed in Ambrose 1993). 

Hair and bone collagen reflect similar dietary information but there is a difference in the diet-hair and diet-collagen spacing for both carbon and... 

Ambrose, S.H. and Norr, L. 1993 Experimental evidence for the relationship of the carbon isotope ratios ofwhole diet and dietary protein to those ofbone collagen and carbonate. In Lambert, J.B. and Grupe, G., eds.. Prehistoric Human Bone Archaeology at the Molecular Level. Berlin, Springer-Verlag 1-37. 

Figure 2.1. Carbon and nitrogen isotope values of human and animal bone collagen from the Preclassic at Cuello.

Table 2.2. Carbon isolope values in collagen of modern and ancicni fauna wiih C3 plant diets. The isotope values for ancient armadillo were not included in the average since they dearly consumed some C4 plants.

Figure 2.3. Carbon and nitrogen isotope values of human bone collagen at Maya sites in Belize. The value for the modem sample has been corrected for collagen-hair spacing and the Industrial Effect. Boxes represent isotopic means one standard deviation.

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