Cold stress prevention

An inhibitory effect of 8-OH-DPAT on forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity is observed in hippocampal membranes of the guinea pig and rat, and has been used as an index of the functional activities of 5-HTIA receptors [178]. Cold stress induces a reduction of the inhibitory effect of 8-OH-DPAT in the hippocampus isolated from 18-month-old rats, although it has no influence on either the affinity or number of [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding sites. The administration of EGb (50 mg/kg p.o. for 14 days) prevents the cold stress-induced reduction in the inhibitory effect of 8-OH-DPAT on forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in old rats. These results indicate that EGb prevents the stress-induced desensitization of hippocampal 5-HTu receptors thus, its effects might explain anti-stress and antidepressant properties of EGb [177]. 

Recently, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on vitamin supplements to combat stress, prevent the common cold, protect against various kinds of cancer and heart disease, offset the s)mptoms of premenstrual syndrome, delay the aging process, and improve one s sex life Most nutritionists believe that a well-balanced diet provides all the nutrients, including the vitamins, required by the body. Indeed, when associations such as the American Cancer Society suggest that certain vitamins might help prevent cancers, they recommend that they be obtained from the natmal food sources, rather than from vitamin supplements. 

Copper(II)(salicylate)2 was also shown to be more effective than cimetidine in preventing ulcers induced by aspirin, indomethacin or cold-stress Table 6.21) [263],... 

Very litde research on the biochemistry or physiology of brown adipose tissue has been done in humans. Most of the work on both obesity and adaptation to cold stress has been done on small mammals, such as rats, mice, and hamsters. What role, if any, brown fat deposits play in the development or prevention of obesity in humans is an open question for researchers. Recently, researchers have devoted much energy toward identifying the... 

Prevention of Cold Stress Cold disorders arising from cold stress can be minimized or avoided with adequate preventive measures, including ... 

Quenching. After solution treatment, the product is generally cooled to room temperature at such a rate to retain essentially all of the solute in solution. The central portions of thicker products caimot be cooled at a sufficient rate to prevent extensive precipitation in some alloys. Moreover, some forgings and castings are dehberately cooled slowly to minimize distortion and residual stress produced by differential cooling in different portions of the products. Cold water, either by immersion or by sprays, is the most commonly used cooling medium. Hot water or a solution of a polymer in cold water is used when the highest rates are not desired. Dilute Al—Mg—Si and Al—Mg—Zn extmsions can be effectively solution heat treated by the extmsion process therefore, they may be quenched at the extmsion press by either air or water. 

The effects of stress on the depression of serum/leucocyte levels of vitamin C were recently summarized (60). Included were myocardial infarction, and other conditions involving physical, infective, or traumatic insult, including cold virus infection, and intravenous tetracosactrin. Associated with the reduced ascorbate level in myocardial infarction was an increased cortisol level over a period of 56 d. The authors recommended 1 g of ascorbic acid/d for 1 month following the traumatic event, with a comment concerning the need for additional study (60). Plasma ascorbate was also depressed following iv administration of adrenalin this depression was prevented by prior administration of propranolol, a )3-blocker (61). Smoking not only reduces blood levels of vitamin C (62,63), but increases the proportion of the population in the scorbutic range of blood values fourfold (64). These effects are probably caused by increased... 

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