Cold filter plugging point prediction

Some additives have the ability to lower the pour point without lowering the cloud point. A number of laboratory scale flow tests have been developed to provide a better prediction of cold temperature operability. They include the cold filter plugging point (CFPP), used primarily in Europe, and the low temperature flow test (LTFT), used primarily in the United States. Both tests measure flow through filter materials under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, etc, and are better predictors of cold temperature performance than either cloud or pour point for addithed fuels. 

The cold filter plugging point (CFPP) test was developed to predict more accurately low-temperature limits. After the oil is cooled at a specified rate to the test temperature, a 20 mL volume is drawn through a 45 pm wire mesh filter screen under 0.0194 atm vacuum. The method is repeated in 1 °C increments and CFPP is recorded as the lowest temperature where oil safely passes through the filter within 60s (Chandler et al, 1992 Owen and Coley, 1990 Westbrook, 2003 Nadkarni, 2000). Although CFPP holds nearly world-wide acceptance as a standard test, in North America more stringent test conditions are necessary to correlate with performance in the field. Thus, the less user-... 

Duarte and Maugeri (2014) studied lipid production by Candida sp. LEB-M3 cultivated in pure and raw glycerol. The feasibility of biodiesel production by the yeast Candida sp. LEB-M3 was indicated by predicting FAME properties for pure and raw glycerol respectively, including cetane number (56—53), heat of combustion (37—39 kJ/g), oxidative stability (8.58 h), kinematic viscosity (3.82—3.79 mm /s), density (807—872 kg/m ), and iodine index (74—115.5 gE/lOOg). Leiva-Candia et al. (2015) estimated biodiesel properties produced from SCO derived from Rhodosporidium toruloides, Lipomyces starkey, and Cryptococcus curvatus cultivated on biodiesel by-product streams. More specifically, cetane number (62.39—69.74), lower calorific value (37,393.49—37,561.68 kJ/kg), cold-filter plugging point (4.29—9.58°C), flash point (158.73—170.34°C), and kinematic viscosity (4.6—34.87 mm /sat 40°C) were determined. 

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