Coffee trade

Table 4 shows worldwide imports of coffee, listing the primary importing nations.17 22 Since 1980, there has been an increase in overall coffee trade. Coffee imports have risen from 3.8 million metric tons overall to 4.9 million in 1993. Trends in coffee exports are reflecting in the patterns and volume of coffee imports. After a dramatic increase during the 10 year period from 1980 to 1990, there has been an apparent stabilization from... 

The U.S. is responsible for consuming the most coffee overall in the world in 1991, it was estimated that each person consumed nearly 27 gallons (101.4 liters) of coffee.10 Decaffeinated coffee is consumed less frequently in the U.S., at levels of 24% in 1987 to 15% in 1993.10 Table 11 shows that the U.S. by far consumed the most coffee in weight than any other nation in the world, nearly double that of Germany as the second highest consumer.38 Estimates for the U.S. up to the early 1990s did not show a great increase in total consumption, but rather a stabilization that is consistent with coffee trade to and from the U.S. 

Marshall CF. The World Coffee Trade A Guide to the Production, Trading and Consumption of Coffee. Woodhead-Faulkner Ltd, Cambridge 1983. 

The Portuguese were displaced from the East Indies trade before the tea and coffee trades expanded and the Spanish never managed to gain exclusive access to any Far East products so they have featmed rather litde in the NP products story so far. ffowever, these southern Emopean nations were to find several useful NPs in their South and Central American colonies. 

Uses fungicide, cereals, coffee Trade names Vigil (ICI)... 

Ukers, W. H., Romance of Coffee, New York, Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Co., 1948. 

Lee S. (1974) Gases are produced every time that coffee is roasted. Why not figure out a way to utilise them and make the coffee industry more efficient Tea and Coffee Trade J. 146, 70-83. 

Sethness R.E. (1924) Coffee s aromatic principles. Tea Coffee Trade J. 56, 570. 

Rather than generalise about agriculture, coffee can serve as a usefiil case study that is indicative of the issues, both international and domestic, faced by many other organic products. Coffee is also particularly relevant because it is one of the world s primary agricultural commodities. Until its recent price crash, the global value of the coffee trade was second only to petroleum. Its trade is ubiquitous, grown in more than 50 countries and exported everywhere. OECD countries are its primary processors, consumers, and on-sellers. 

Giovannucci, Daniele (2002), Who Shall We Blame The Politics of Coffee , Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, Vol. 174, No. 1. 

The main growing areas of coffee and cocoa shifted from their native lands as history moved on. Today, most coffee is grown in central and South America, whereas cocoa is mainly farmed in Western Africa (Ivory Coast alone is the origin of one third of all the cocoa on Earth). The annual world production is about 7.8 milhon t for coffee, and 4.1 million t for cocoa. Coffee trade is worth 7 billion a year, which ranks as number four after coal, oil and cereal grains. 

Coffee plants are cultivated in more than 80 countries around the world, with 70% being produced by smallholder farmers (De Los Santos-Briones Hemfindez-Sotomayor, 2006). More than lOOmillion people in the coffee-growing areas worldwide derive their income directly or indirectly from coffee production (Mishra Slater, 2012). Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of C. arabica (ABIC, 2010 Silva et al., 2013), followed by Colombia, Paraguay, Venezuela, Indonesia, Ethiopia, India and Mexico. Coffee plantations eover about 10.6 million ha of land, mostly in the tropics (Clay, 2004), and the coffee trade has an annual turnover of close to 10 billion US, making it the second most important commodity traded in the world next to petroleum (Silva et al., 2013). 

Sims, M. (1990) Decaffeinating with carbon dioxide. Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, September Issue, 8-10. 

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